Tabbara+SS+A+-+Becky

= media type="custom" key="4796983" = = = = = = Ancient Greece = =  = =**____Assignment 4 ____**= Answer the following questions **in your notebook**. Make sure your answers are **clear** and **detailed**.
 * 1) What type of government did you work under as you built your acropolis?
 * 2) How did you feel working under this type of government? **Be honest :), specific, and detailed in your answer.**
 * 3) **Explain clearly** at least two advantages to working under this type of government?
 * 4) **Explain clearly** at least two disadvantages to working under this type of government?
 * 5) Which one of the types of governments we learned about would you like to be a citizen of? Why?

__Assignment 3__ Sources:

Copy the following venn diagram ** in your notebook **. Then, using all of the sources above, compares these three poleis by filling in the proper area in the venn diagram.
 * Athens
 * Corinth
 * Sparta

=** __Assignment 2__ **= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow ** in your notebook ** The Minoans: ** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

** The Mycenaeans: ** Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.

// 1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common? // // 2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different? // // 3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae? // // 4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced? // // 5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history? // // 6. Using your ** textbook pages 256-257 **, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar. //

= Assignment 1 =
 * Source 1: ** []

** Source 2: ** []

** Directions: ** Using ** both ** sources above, neatly and clearly label the following on your scribble map.


 * Greece (text label)
 * Athens (marker)
 * Corinth (marker)
 * Sparta (marker)
 * Mount Olympus (text label)
 * Crete (text label)
 * Knossos (its' a city on Crete) (marker)
 * the Aegean Sea (text label)
 * the Black Sea (text label)
 * the Ionian Sea (text label)

Ancient India

=**__Assignment 10__**= Now that we are finished our unit about ancient India, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned. Please answer clearly and with details. Each answer must be at least two sentences. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... The single most important thing I learned was the religions that India created. That includes Hinduism and Buddhism. I learned most of the rules to the religions and the stories that came with the religion. 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Something that confused me was that Buddhist people had the will to give up their wants to reach nirvana. I think I would have rather get all my wants even though I would be upset and greedy. Something that also confused me was that astronomers saw the planets even though they didn't have a telescope. 3. What surprised me the most was... What surprised me the most was that Hindus followed the caste system. I thought the caste system was an unfair way to treat people. I was also surprised that Candragupta and Candra Gupta weren't related. I was also surprised that Indians achieved so many things long back then. I was surprised that the Indians know most of the planets, that Indians were able to do surgery on people, and that Indians invented the number 0. 4. I would like to know more about... I would like to know more about Indian achievements. We talked about with our sages but I want more details about the achievements. I would like to learn more about India's culture. 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The part that I think I will always remember in this unit is the simulation that we did about the caste system. I think I will also remember the lesson that we had with the sages. They gave us information that was easy to remember because of the nicely made presentations.

=**__Assignment 9__**=
 * Source:** Online Textbook pages 162-171


 * Directions:** You are a sage and you will teach your classmates a part of ancient India's history. The four parts (groups) are...
 * Group 1: The Mauryan Empire (page 162-163, 166)
 * Group 2: The Gupta Empire (page 164-165)
 * Group 3: Indian Achievements- Religious Art & Sanskrit Literature (page 167-169)
 * Group 4: Indian Achievements- Scientific Advances (page 170-171)

Each part has (or might have) pictures, illustrations, maps, dates, vocabulary words, and important people. Your job as a sage is to become an expert on your part so you will be able to comfortably and confidently teach others. Remember that if you don't understand the information, you won't be able to teach others properly. Follow these steps to become a great sage:

__**Steps**__
 * 1) Read all the information on the pages you are responsible for. Don't just read the main parts, look at the other information such as maps or diagrams or pictures.
 * 2) Take notes in your notebook and answer the **//Reading Check//** question after each section to make sure you understand the information. You also have to answer the questions about your section from **page 176** (section 4 or 5).
 * 3) Present the information to your students but first decide how you are going to present the information. Will you just talk about the information (this can be boring) or will you use visuals or give a slideshow presentation (this can be more interesting)? Remember that your students have not read the information and are counting on you to teach them in an interesting and educational way.
 * 4) Check your students understanding. How will you check if your students understood the information? Will you make up questions to ask them? Will you ask them to write answers to the questions you had to answer in step 2? What else will you do? Will you ask your students to create something that shows their understanding? Think about how you are taught at school and the activities you do in your classes. Your students would probably have more fun if they made something that shows they understand the information.
 * 5) Your students must do the work you give them. They (**and you**) must also do the following:
 * add at least two important events to their timelines (you choose the important events from your part)
 * add two markers/labels to their scribble map (you choose what should be labeled from your part)
 * 1) Finally quiz and grade your students using the resources Mr. Tabbara shows you.

=**__Assignment 8__**= Write your answers for this assignment in your **NOTEBOOK**.
 * Sources:**
 * 1. Online Textbook page 157
 * 2. Online Textbook pages 158-159
 * Directions:**

__Part 1__ Using source number 1, write your own clear and complete sentences using of the following words. Remember that your sentences should show that you know the meanings of the words. __Part 2__ Using source number 2, write about the following: >> __Part 3__ Using source number 2, create a clear and neat Venn diagram showing the differences and similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism. =__Assignment 7__= Using the sources above, complete the //Buddha's Path to Enlightenment// sheet by...
 * fasting
 * meditation
 * The Four Noble Truths
 * Summarize in 3-4 sentences
 * Give one real-world example for each truth
 * The Eightfold Path
 * Summarize in 3-4 sentences
 * Explain how you are following at least three of the eight parts of the path in your life today
 * Explain how you are NOT following two of the eight parts of the path in your life today
 * Sources:**
 * Online Textbook pages 156-157
 * The Buddha's Biography
 * Pictures:
 * 1. [|Siddhartha's Birth]
 * 2. [|Princely Life]
 * 3. [|Discovers Aging Sickness Death]
 * 4. [|Leaves Family]
 * 5. [|Becomes the Buddha]
 * Directions:**
 * completing the drawing for each picture.
 * writing an appropriate caption (2-3 sentences) for each picture.
 * adding three labels to each picture.
 * coloring each picture.
 * coloring the other parts of the sheet for a higher grade.

=__Assignment 6__= Follow the directions on the handout for your illustrated poem about the //Ramayana//. Here is additional information:
 * You must have at least four visuals and they must all be original (i.e. you must create them).
 * Your poem must be neatly typed in an easy to read font or __neatly__ hand written.
 * Your name should appear on the front side of your poem.
 * You may use more than one sheet of paper.
 * Your poem must be converted to a PDF and put into my dropbox on the due date given to you in class.
 * Scripts for all five scenes--->[[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png height="32" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/ReadersTheaterRamayana.pdf"]] [|ReadersTheaterRamayana.pdf]

=__Assignment 5__= Use the website above to answer these questions.
 * Website: [|India-Government]

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? A : Having a central government will help in planning and organizing a city because all of the other cities had a similar lay out of the city. Having a central government might create safer cities and more powerful cities than minor governments. 2. Who were Rajahs? A : Rajahs were the rulers of the cities. 3. What is a Guru? A : A Guru is a type of teacher that lives with their students until they are 20. The students have to do religious services for the Guru while they live with each other. 4. What subjects were taught in school? A : The subjects that were taught in school had mostly to do with religion. They practiced religion and learned about religion in their school. Religion is a big part of their government. 5. Who was in charge of the government? A : The priests were in charge of the government in some ways. This is because they were the highest in the social levels and they are the ones that makes the offerings to the gods. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? A : People look up to the priests because they are the ones that makes the offerings to the gods and they have lots of power. They are known to be closer to the gods. 7. Look up the word 'sage' in any dictionary. What does it mean and what word from questions 1-6 is it similar to? A : A sage is an old, wise man, usually a person that comes out in ancient history. This word is similar to the word Rajah and Guru. Rajahs are rulers of the cities, and are wise, same with the Guru. Rajahs are also found in ancient history. Gurus are wise men that teach students. **

=__Assignment 4__= 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? A : I was a Kshatriya during the caste system simulation. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? A : I was in the high level of the social levels so I had the chance to enjoy this simulation. No one bossed me around, and I could order people around. I got to do whatever I wanted to do. My group told other lower people to dance or do push ups. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? A : Nothing really made me angry or upset, except for the fact that the Brahmins were in a higher level than me. I wasn't upset because I got to do whatever I was in the high ranks. 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? A : I don't think this system is fair because people that are in the lower social levels will never get to do what they want and they wouldn't be able to enjoy life. People in the high levels, such as the brahmins will get to do whatever they want. Just for being born as a Sundra's child, that child will have to live as a lowly treated person forever 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? A : I don't think a society should be organized into these social classes because it won't be fair for the low classed people. Later the Sudras might get mad and rebel to the Brahmins.
 * Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**
 * __Assignment 3__ **
 * Source:** [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf"]] Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? A : I have learned that Mohenjo-Daro had a fun, organized daily life. There is an organized sewer system and games to keep you entertained. The people of Mohenjo-Daro also have jewelry like any other people. There are also different tools that the people used such as weights and seals. 2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. A : The complicated but organized sewer system might represent government because there has to be someone commanding the people to build the sewers and to fix the sewers. The Great Bath and the amulets might represent religion. The Great Bath is where the people held religious ceremonies and the amulets were believed to fight off evil spirits. The houses represent social levels. The richer the people are the bigger houses and the more windows that have. Culture might be related to games because there were different games that the people of Mohenjo-Daro played with. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? A : Mohenjo-Daro is like a modern city because there is a sewer system like we have today. They use seals to show ownership while we write our name to show ownership. 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? A : It is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in Mohenjo-Daro because we can't read the language they use on seals. The archaeologists are guessing to see what the artifacts are. 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? A : I think the people of Mohenjo-Daro only worked on their technology and their strength of weaponry got weakened. I think other civilizations took over Mohenjo-Daro. A natural weather disaster might have harmed the city too. Disease might have also took over Mohenjo-Daro. ** Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? There were bricks, wells, houses, and drains. Bricks were kilned to be made stronger. These bricks were used to build houses. These wells were used to get clean water. The wells were made taller as the houses were rebuilt. These drains carried dirty water and sometimes these drains had lids and tops on the top. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? The drains sometimes had a top on the top like it does today. And people need to clean out the drains like they do today. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? Some of the artifacts are the a necklace, a seal, weights, a model cart, and a figurine. It seems that there are plenty of goods in Mohenjo-Daro because there are several types of tools used, and lots of things that were used for entertainment. 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. I think the people lived a comfortable life. There are plenty of things to have fun with, and a lot of tools that are useful. There are different types of materials that were used by the people to create goods. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? The Priest-King is a statue of a ruler, an important man, or a priest. His eyes are carved in deeply into the statue and his nose is broken. Scientists aren't sure if the nose was broken purposely or missing since it was found. The Priest-King has a gold band around his forehead and on the gold band is a circular ornament. There is also a gold band on his upper right arm. 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? The Great Bath is a mysterious building located in Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeologists are not sure what the building was used for.
 * __Assignment 2__

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __Assignment 1__ **


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? My map is similar to the map that I see above because there on both of the maps there is the Western and Eastern Ghats, the Deccan Plateau, the Himalaya Mountains, the Indus River, the Hindu Kush Mountains, the Ganges River, the Brahmaputra River, the Bay of Bengal, the Thar Desert, and the Arabian Sea. Both of the maps are of the Indian subcontinent. 2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? I see the Sarasvati River on this map but not on my map. 3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Saravati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. I think settlements developed along the Indus and Saravati rivers because these Rivers carried silt and silt made the surrounding land fertile and great to harvest on. The Indus River was also close to the Hindu Kush Mountains which had passes, an advantage in trading. You can ride through the Indus and Saravati River to go into the Arabian Sea and to trade with other foreign countries. 4. Accurately label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.
 * Questions:**

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? I think the Indian people eventually migrated to the Ganga River because the Sarasvati River dried up and the land was not as fertile as before. = = = Ancient Egypt =

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=__Assignment 12__= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

**1. The single most important thing I learned was...** The single most important thing I learned in the Ancient Egypt unit is about the ways that the Kingdoms were divided, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. Something that confused me was why the Egyptians didn't accept Hatshepsut as a pharaoh. I don't understand why people thought that females can't be a good ruler. I was surprised when I studied about Akhenaten. It is surprising that he had the courage to flip Egypt's religion upside down! Hatshepsut's acts surprised me too! She dressed up as a man in order to be accepted by the citizens!! I would like to know more about the wars that happened throughout Ancient Egypt. I will also like to know more clearly about pharaohs. The part that I think I will always remember was is the project about Akhenaten that I did with Emily. I learned lots of information about Akhenaten while I had fun!
 * 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...**
 * 3. What surprised me the most was...**
 * 4. I would like to know more about...**
 * 5. The part that I think I will always remember was...**

=__Assignment 11__=
 * Sources:**
 * Online Textbook pages 93-103
 * Wiki Assignments
 * Your Notes

Use the above sources to label your 3D Timeline with labels about:
 * Directions:**
 * Ancient Egypt's three kingdoms (Provide a clear and detailed **three** sentence description about __**each**__ kingdom including who was involved in the kingdom. Each kingdom must have a separate label on the timeline.)
 * Pharaoh Khufu (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about him.)
 * The Hyksos in Egypt (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about them.)
 * Pharaoh Hatshepsut (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about her.)
 * Ramses the Great (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about him.)
 * Requirements:**
 * Each event label must have a simple title about the information
 * Each event label must have correct dates
 * Each event label must have an appropriate picture
 * Each event label must have a citation for the picture
 * Sentences should be **complete** and **detailed**

=__Assignment 10__= __Ancient Egypt Topic Peer Assessment__ Go to our YouTube Channel and login using the username and password given in class. You will assess your classmates' videos using the rubric for the ancient Egypt project and by answering the questions below. Each answer must be at least **two** sentences long. Post your assessment in the comments section under each classmate's video. Please make sure you include your first name only or your comment will be deleted. You must comment on **four** classmates' videos: (Note: YouTube has a 500 word limit on comments. You might have to divide your assessment comments into two posts.)
 * classmate above your name
 * classmate below your name
 * two other classmates of your choice

1. How did your classmate make the video interesting and creative?

2. Was it easy to understand your classmates presentation including his/her voice? Why or why not?

3. Clearly explain two things you learned from your classmate's video.

4. How could your classmate improve his/her video? = = =__Assignment 9 - Partner : Emily - Subject : Akhenaten__= A Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 D Block- Monday Feb. 22 G Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 **
 * Due Dates:
 * Task:** You are to research your assigned topic from Egyptian history and create a video presentation using iMovie. The video presentation should be 3-4 minutes and include the following required elements:


 * Rubric: [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Ancient Egypt Project Rubric.pdf"]] Ancient Egypt Project Rubric.pdf**


 * 1) Introduce your topic to the audience and explain the importance of your subject in Ancient Egypt.
 * 2) Explain and show where your topic belongs on a map of Egypt. You may have to be creative with this part because your topic might not be from one area.
 * 3) Present 5 interesting facts you have learned about your subject from your research. Include dates and/or which kingdom (old, middle, new).
 * 4) Identify at least one of the [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Six Characteristics of Civilization.pdf"]] Six Characteristics of Civilization.pdf that is evident in your topic and explain how your topic relates to the characteristic.
 * 5) How does your topic relate to our society today?
 * 6) Include appropriate images/video to make your presentation **clear**, **interesting** , **original** , and ** creative **.
 * 7) Conclude your presentation by restating the significance (importance) of your topic to history.
 * 8) Use your own voice for the audio part of your presentation.
 * 9) You (and your partner) must appear in the video for at least 30 seconds as you present your information.
 * 10) Use at least four different sources. At least one of your sources must be from the KIS Library Resources
 * 11) Cite any images/videos that you use at the end.
 * 12) Cite your sources at the end.

__**Helpful Hints**__
 * Follow the steps above in order. Your research will be first (1-7 above), then you will start working on the iMovie.
 * You will be asked to show your progress on this project in every class before the due date. **Your progress will be graded.**
 * Originality and creativity will be rewarded with a higher grade. For example, if you draw some of your images you will get a more points than someone who just copies images from the Internet.

= = =__Assignment 8__=
 * Part 1:** Riverboat Tour Part 1
 * Part 2:** Riverboat Tour Part 2

=__Assignment 7__= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** __**Part 2**__ Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** __**Part 3**__ Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * Part 1
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids
 * Real Paragraph :** Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids //**only**// during this time period in history. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. Things changed during the middle kingdom.
 * Rewritten Paragraph :** Pharaohs had complete power over Egypt and pharaohs were considered gods in Egypt. This kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age" because the pharaohs were buried in pyramids only in this time period of history. Pyramids were huge, stone tombs that was made up of four triangle-shaped sides that met at a point on the top. One example of a great pyramid is the Great Pyramid of Khufu. It's base covers about 13 acres and it is 481 feet high. This pyramid took more than 2 million blocks of limestone and thousands of workers. To create a pyramid, the workers had to cut huge blocks of limestone and drag it to create the pyramid. TheThis clearly shows that Egypt's engineering is outstanding. Engineering is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. The pharaohs of Egypt were only buried in pyramids until during the Old Kingdom because thieves were robbing the pyramids. The pyramids were very important for Egypt because the Egyptians believed that the pyramids were the steps that the pharaoh will take to reach the Sun and become the Sun God. The pyramid was where the pharaoh will rest during his Afterlife, so the Egyptians believed that it was very important.
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved
 * Real Paragraph :** The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. And pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well.
 * Rewritten Paragraph :** The Old Kingdom eventually ended because the wealth and power of Egypt decreased. The pharaohs had a hard time collecting taxes. Pyramids needed lots of care, and Egypt couldn't afford to take care of it. That was not the only problem. The pharaohs were over-ruled by the nobles also. The nobles took over Egypt and for about 160 years, there was no proper government. Around 2050 BC, a powerful pharaoh appeared to hold Egypt together. His rule started the Middle Kingdom, a period of order and stability. The Middle Kingdom lasted to about 1750 BC. The Middle Kingdom is nicknamed "Egypt's Golden Age." During this period of Egypt, trades, art, and literature flourished. During the Middle Kingdom, the pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs. It is for sure that there are still some tombs that weren't discovered yet! Around 1750 BC, the Hyksos, a group from Southwest Asia invaded Egypt using advanced weapons such as chariots and horses. The Hyksos ruled Lower Egypt for about 200 years, but around 1500 BC, Ahmose, of Thebes was declared king of Egypt. During the Middle Kingdom, life was probably hard because there were lots of invasions going on, and people were over-ruling each other! The Middle Kingdom and the Old Kingdom are probably different because the Middle Kingdom had great trades, art, and literature.
 * The New Kingdom (1570 BCE - 1070 BCE) **
 * Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 102-103 in our textbook.
 * what new territories were conquered
 * names of pharaoh's involved in expansion
 * wars or battles and who was involved
 * trading (who and what)
 * Real Paragraph :** The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings.
 * Rewritten Paragraph :** Egypt came to a time called a new kingdom, a time of expansion and the crisis of glory and power. The Hyksos attacked and conquered the Nile Delta on the North, and the Nubian attacked and conquered the south part of Egypt. Hyksos and Nubia tried to work together to conquer Egypt. Egypt's leaders stopped that from happening and decided to take over the Hyksos and Syria, all the way up to the Euphrates River. Egypt also took over the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the Kingdom of Kush. All the new territories helped Egypt get richer because areas that Egypt took over sent expensive gifts to continue good relationships. The Kingdom of Kush sent leopard skin, precious stones, and gold to continue the good relationship. During the New Kingdom, the first female pharaoh came into power. Her name is Queen Hatshepsut. She was one of the rulers that increased the amount of trades. During this time, paths that traders followed developed. They traded turquoise and copper with the Sinai Peninsula. Ramses 2 (AKA Ramses the Great) fought with the Hittites and won, defeated the Sea People and the Tehenu. After several more attacks from the Hittites and the Sea People, Egypt crashed.

=__Assignment 6__= Becky's Comic :

=Due Dates:= A Block- Wednesday January 20 D Block- Wednesday January 20 G Block- Tuesday January 19 (Note: At the beginning of class on the due date, we will convert your comic to a PDF and upload it to your wiki page.) Directions: Use your notes, wiki assignments, and the Egyptian Underworld video to create a comic showing the mummification process and the Egyptian underworld using ComicLife. Your comic must show the following:**
 * Rubric: [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Comic+Life+Rubric+Egyptian+Underworld.pdf"]] [|Comic Life Rubric Egyptian Underworld.pdf]
 * the process of mummifying a pharaoh
 * the tomb of the pharaoh and the entry into the underworld
 * at least three obstacles the spirit has to go through in the underworld
 * the various demons or dangers of the underworld
 * spells/passwords/magic words that you create to help the spirit through the underworld
 * must be colorful and detailed
 * a title and your name
 * length: two to four pages which includes a bibliography page for images or information you use
 * additional information we didn't learn from **one** of the following sources:
 * [|http://wsu.edu/~dee/EGYPT/UNDER.HTM]
 * []

=__Assignment 5__=
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? **A : The Ancient Egyptians wanted to preserve dead bodies so that the soul of the body could recognize its body after death.**
 * 2) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? **A : The Ancient Egyptians preserved bodies by drying out the liquids of the body, and wrapping the body in protective bandages called linens. This process is called mummification.**
 * 3) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? **A : To remove the brain from the dead body, you have to use a metal hook and stick it up the person's nose several times to break the brain into pieces. Then, you pull of the pieces of the brain using the metal hook. The brain was removed because the Ancient Egyptians thought that it wasn't that important.**
 * 4) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? **A : The four internal organs that were removed are : intestines, stomach, liver, and lungs. These organs were put into jars and jar lids were put onto the jars. For the intestines, a jar lid with a head of a falcon was used. The falcon protects the intestines. For the stomach, a jar lid with a head of a jackal is used because a jackal protects the stomach. For the liver, the head of Imsety was on the jar lid because Imsety is the human-headed god that protects the liver. For the lungs, a jar lid with the head of a Hapy, the baboon-headed god that protects the lungs.**
 * 5) What did they do with the heart? Why? **A : The Ancient Egyptians did not remove the heart because they thought the heart was the center of intelligence,emotions, and feelings. They thought that people will need it in their after life.**
 * 6) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. **A : A natron is a salt that absorbs moisture. It was used to absorb the moisture and to dry the body.**
 * 7) How was [|linen] used during mummification? **A : Linen was used during mummification to plump up the person after we used natron to absorb all moisture. Linen is also protective bandages that were used to cover the body with.**
 * 8) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. **A : Amulets are jewelry or final touches of the mummies. The amulets were used offer good luck, good health, or to make evil go away. Two examples of an amulets are designed in a design with Horus's eye to offer good health.**
 * 9) What happens to the body after it was mummified? **A : The mummy mask is put onto the mummy. Next, the mummy is put into a mummy case. Finally, the mummy case is put into sarcophagus.**

=__Assignment 4__=
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

= = =media type="custom" key="5120265"= =__Assignment 2__=
 * Part 1 A**: I would like to be Isis, the goddess of protection. Isis is known for using her magical powers to protect and to help people in need. I would like to have Isis's magical powers and use it to help people in need, or the protect people! If I could have Isis's magical powers, I'll be able to use the powers to protect my family and my friends, and everyone close to me. I'll also want to be Isis to use her powers to help the poor and to protect them. I will not want to be Ma'at, the goddess of truth, justice, and harmony. Ma'at's job is to balance out everything out on Earth. If I was Ma'at, I think I'll have a lot of stress because her job is so hard. If you had to balance out everything on Earth, it'll be hard. I think Ma'at's responsibility is way too big and I would not like to be Ma'at. She is also the goddess of truth. For some of the lies in the world, I don't think you'll want to know the truth of the lie. I think all of the truths that Ma'at learns will become a burden to her.
 * Part 2 A** : An Egyptian goddess named Sekhmet, and a Mesopotamian goddess named, Ishtar are very similar. Sekhmet is the goddess of war in the Egyptian religion. Ishtar is the goddess of love and war in the Mesopotamian religion. Sekhmet and Ishtar are both goddesses of war. Sekhmet has a head of a lioness. Ishtar is often found standing on a lion and carrying several weapons. Sekhmet and Ishtar both have something to do with lions and lionesses. I think Egypt and Mesopotamian religion were similar because their settlements were close to each other.
 * Source: Read pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? A : I feel like I'm being treated unfairly by the pharaoh while working for him. I work hard the whole year, for the whole year, I work busily on my farm to feed myself and my family, but I'm sure it will go to my owner, the pharaoh. For the next half of the year, I have to work for the pharaoh to build his tomb! Although he is my ruler, and the great god Horus, I don't think we should work this hard just for him. We work hard and he just sits on his throne ordering people around! 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? A : The Third Dynasty was the beginning of the Old Kingdom. It started at 2700 BC and ended at 2200 BC. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. A : The ancient Egyptians felt as if Egypt belonged to the gods. They believed that the pharaoh came from the gods to rule over them. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? A : The pharaoh was responsible of the crops growing well, protecting the people from disease, preventing wars, and allowing good trade. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? A : The famous pharaoh, Khufu is known for the great monuments that were built for him. The Pyramid of Khufu was a monument that was built for him. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) A : The strongest point in society is the pharaoh. The next highest points are the nobles, or government officials. The next highest point are the scribes, government officials that have a little lower status than the other government officials, rich craftspeople. The lowest point in society in the Old Kingdom are the farmers, slaves, and servants. 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? A : The disadvantages of the large segment of the population being poor is that the government will not be able to collect a lot of tax. Another disadvantage is that the people will might want to rebel amongst the rich people. The advantage is that the nobles, the high class can enjoy their life while the people below them while they are working hard. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? A : While it is the flood season, the farmers worked on the pyramids, the tombs that the pharaohs will be resting in in their afterlife. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). A : Ancient Egyptians traded with Nubia and Syria. They traded gold, copper, ivory, slaves, stones, and wood to build houses and for fire. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. A : The work acquire means to get something. I acquired wood from the Syrians while trading. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? The Viziers would be placed next to the nobles, right underneath the pharaoh, or just a little bit more power than the Nobles.

=__**Assignment 1**__=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract. 2. Label the Red Sea. 3. Represent and mark three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.** 4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.** 5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine 6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.** 7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

= = = = = = = = = = = Mesopotamia =

=__Assignment 13__= Now that we are finished with the Mesopotamia unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Mesopotamia. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... A : The single most important thing I learned in the Mesopotamia Unit is about Sargon, Hammurabi, the Code of Hammurabi, and about the empires. I think that is important because it was important for Mesopotamia because they were important symbols of Mesopotamia. 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... A : I understood most of the things I learned in the Mesopotamia Unit, but I was a little confused about why emperors were so cruel to their people. 3. What surprised me the most was... A : What surprised me the most was about the Code of Hammurabi and how it was so harsh! I was surprised about the different empires that conquered Mesopotamia. It surprised me because they were so harsh, I can't see why anyone couldn't rebel on them with their own army sooner. 4. I would like to know more about... I would like to know more about the Code of Hammurabi. I would also like to more about the empires and the emperors. I would also like to know more about the gods. 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The part of the Mesopotamia Unit I think I will always remember is the card game for trading. I think I will also remember about the Code of Hammurabi because it was so harsh and barbaric. =__Assignment 12__= =**Characteristics of Civilization**= =**Empire Name: The Hittites**= Was it difficult to find evidence for the empire you picked? Why or why not? A : It wasn't difficult to find evidence for the empire because the information was on the websites clearly and it was very direct.
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Carefully read pages 76-77 and choose one of the empires below. Research the empire you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the empire you chose. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page, then **answer the question** below the chart. You will also have to indicate on your Scribble Map where the civilization you chose came from.
 * ==**Six Characteristics of Civilization**== || ==**Evidence for Characteristic**== || ==**Explanation**== ||
 * Government || There was an emperor named Arruwanda ll was the emperors of the Hittites. || Arruwnda ll created his empire at 700 BCE. The Hittites laws were less harsh than the Babylonian laws. They also had an army that used chariots. ||
 * Permanent Food Supply || The Hittites traded. || The Hittites traded and they probably traded for food too, and they probably had farms too. ||
 * Jobs || There are carpenters, soldiers, farmers miners, smithies and traders. || The carpenters, or builders, who built chariots, and metalworkers created swords to use during wars. Traders traded in their market places. There are also farmers who cultivate food. ||
 * Social Levels || There is an emperor and normal citizens. || There are emperors, and there are normal citizens. There are also thieves, and slaves, the low class people. ||
 * Culture || The Hittites knew how to make iron and made chariots. || The Hittites made chariots to fight in war, and not a lot of other city-states or empires did that. The Hittites also knew how to create iron from the ground, but kept it a secret because no one else knows how to. They spoke an Indo European language family that included English, German, Greek, Latin, Persian and the language of India. ||
 * Religion || They adapted Sumerian Gods || The Hittites adapted to the gods of the towns they conquered. ||

=**Hittites**= [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

__Assignment11__
Go to this [|site] and read about the different Mesopotamian gods, goddesses, demons, and monsters. Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god, goddess, demon, or monster. Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**. A : I would like to be Gula, a goddess of healing, a patroness of doctors, and a constellation. If I was Gula, then I could heal people suffering from various diseases. Gula appeared as a woman with dogs at her side, and personally, I love dogs too. I would not want to be Lamushtu, a demon that preys upon unborn and newborn children. If I was Lamushtu, I would be a selfish person that only cared about itself, an evil person that feeds on children not even grown.

__Assignment 10__
1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? A : I think that nobles and common people should be punished in the same way because there's nothing different between them except that the nobles have higher social levels. Nobles and common people are still the same human beings. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? A : Ur laid in ruins by 2000 BCE because other city-states attacked them. 3. Where was Babylon located? A : Babylon was located near the Euphrates River, which is now known as Baghdad, Iraq. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? A : Hammurabi became the king of Babylon at 1792 BCE. 5. What is a monarch? A : A monarch is a ruler of a kingdom or an empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? A : After conquering all of Mesopotamia, Hammurabi called his empire the Babylonian Empire after his capitol. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? A : He also was a good leader and improved buildings, irrigation systems, increased trades, created detailed laws, improved the tax collection system, and had the abilities to control the great amount of land. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? A : The Hammurabi Code is a set of 282 laws made by Hammurabi, and it covered everything of daily life, such as trading, loans, theft, marriage, injury, and murder. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. A : The Hammurabi's Code was important because all the people over the empire could see what the laws are and what's illegal another reason why it's important is because it's thorough. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? A : After Hammurabi's death, the future leaders had a hard time to control the empire. The Babylonian Empire got attacked by city-states that Hammurabi conquered. This is similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire because after Sargon died, the future leaders had a hard time taking care of the empire and got attacked by other city-states too. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. A : 1- 193. If the son of a paramour or a prostitute desire his father's house, and desert his adoptive father and adoptive mother, and goes to his father's house, then shall his eye be put out. - I think this law is a very cruel law. This law doesn't even give a chance for a son/daughter to go see their father's hosue. 2 - 195. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off. - I think this law is fair, but still cruel. No child is supposed to strike their parents, but I think the punishment is too harsh. 3 - 202. If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. - I think this is a cruel law because just because the man is in higher rank than him, he gets whipped. Again, they're both the same human being, and I think that being whipped in public 60 times is too harsh because their life is on the risk too.

__Assignment 9__
__**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? -I liked the part of the game where I got to communicate with my group to trade. It was fun because I could talk and argue and try to cooperate to trade fairly. 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? - I felt excited because it was tricky to get a monopoly (which I didn't) and we had to work around the obstacles that were in the way of getting a monopoly. 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? - The game was difficult for me when different people in my group was trying the get the same monopoly as me, or if they didn't want the item I was trading them for. 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? - If you have a monopoly for an entire product, then there's an advantage because you get to do whatever you want with your product. You could lower or make the prices higher, you can sell it, or anything that you feel like, because you're the one that has all of the resource in the region. 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? - I would make the monopoly to get 10 cards instead of 7 because I thought 7 was too easy (not that I got a monopoly). A lot of people got monopolies and it would be more fun if the game was more challenging. 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why? - In this game, it was better to cooperate with another player than being selfish and trying to get all the products/resources for yourself because if you be selfish, no one gives you any cards, because of you snotty attitude, and if you cooperate, you might gain what you need, while other people get what they need too, so it will be fair.

__Assignment 8__
1. The Akkadians lived north of Sumer, near the Euphrates and Tigris River. 2. The Akkadians spoke a different language from the Sumerians, but they were peaceful. 3. Sargon was a military leader and he was the first to have a permanent army, ready to fight any time. 4. Sargon established the world's **first** empire. 5. An empire is a land with different territories and peoples under a **single** rule. 6. Sargon is a good leader because he ate with his soldiers every day and he was also a good leader because he was one of the first to teach his soldiers how to fight with bows and arrows. 7. Sargon ruled his empire for over a 50 years (56 years). 8. After Sargon died, the future rulers had a hard time to keep Akkad safe. Other tribes attacked them. 9. Sumer eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again. 10. In the picture, the big temples, the huge wall that covered the city-state, and the complicated streets showed me that Ur was an advanced city.

__Assignment 7__
1. The United States is a civilization according to the six characteristics of a civilization. Here's the PROOF : - The United States has a system of government that directs and controls the country. The United States has a president, senators, and governors. - The United States has a food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. There are farms where cows are grown, and there are farms for vegetables and fruits also. - The United States have people with different types of jobs, such as teachers, lawyers, doctors, and even farmers. - The United States have different social levels. There are presidents, normal people, and beggars. - The United States have developed culture of art (Van Gogh), architecture (buildings or houses only in America), music (Rihanna, Lady Gaga etc.),literature (Harry Potter, Junie B. Jones), science (Apple company, U.S. Rockets), and writing (our English language and cursive). - The United States have a religious system, there are churches, where Christians and Catholics go, and there are temples for Buddhist and etc.

2. I think a civilization doesn't need to have all the characteristics that were mentioned. I don't think that a civilization NEEDS to have a religious system because the citizens should have the freedom to choose if they even want to believe in a certain religion or not.

__Assignment 5__
1.
 * Government - written laws, kings and cities/states, organized armies
 * Culture - games, music, cuneiform/writing, medicine, arch
 * Religion - ziggurat, devotional statues
 * Jobs - plow, sailboat, wheel, metal working, irrigation, mathematics, medicine

__Assignment 4__
1. The first written language was a very important invention, because it lets humans to start communicating by letters, emails, and types of communications that we use today.

2. The wheel was a very important invention because the wheel led the invention to other things, such as cars, planes, and bikes.

3. The sailboat was a very important invention because the sailboat led the invention to other big boats. It was also one of the first ways of transportation on the river.

Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System
1. The first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields was by using buckets and scooping water up from the river, walking to the field, going back to the river, scooping up water, over and over.

2. Farmers prevented flooding by building levees made of dirt/natural earth and walls.

3. Levees helped farmers by easily letting the water flow through into the farm from the river and by preventing flooding. The canals that were built helped farmers made a pathway for the water to go through connecting the water from the rivers to the farm. The dams blocked floods, and reservoirs helped store and block water in several different places.

4. The word surplus means an extra supply of food.

5. If one canal was blocked, all the other pathways leading into other farms would not receive any water. One problem might destroy the whole canal.

6. The other villages took care of the complex irrigation system by cooperating with other villages often to regularly control the entire irrigation system.

Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities
1. Mesopotamian villages helped each other by clearing silt from the canals to prevent clogging, and balanced out the amount of water in the reservoirs. They worked together.

2. People who lived far apart from each other were connected by canals that were built throughout the cities.

3. Many villages grew into cities and towns during 3500 and 3000 BCE.

4. The region where the growing cities and towns are located is called Sumer. The people that came from this region were called Sumerians.

5. One city could stop the water from reaching other cities by building new canals, blocking it, or not taking care of the canal because everything is connected together.

6. It was easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains because there were no mountain ranges or rushing rivers to protect the villages from attacks.

7. The best defense plan that the cities could use was to build a big wall around the city.

Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply
1. The main two problems that the farmers had as they were trying to grow crops on the Mesopotamian river plains was the flooding that happened in April, the month where farmers plant the seedlings. The other problem were droughts during the summer.

2. Farmers solved this problem by building dams and passage ways from the river.

3. The melted snow that caused flooding came from the mountains.

Event A : Food Shortage
1. The increased food supply, stronger shelters, and improved technology probably helped grow the human population in Mesopotamia.

2. Cultivate means //to grow.

3.// By 5000 B.C.E, the major problem that the farmers in the Zagros foothills was that the farmers ran out of land to farm because of the increased population.

4. The best way to deal with the food shortage problems out of the 4 choices in the critical thinking handout is choice B, to move down to the river plains and try to grow crops there.



= Early Humans =

__Assignment 9__
1. The most important thing I learned in the Early Humans units was about domestication. I learned about how animals were grown and used to be helpful to humans, and how farming began. I think that's important because that was one key to survival for the early humans.

2. Some things that confused me in the Early Humans unit was about the decades, centuries, and millenniums, but sometimes I understand it clearly.

3. In the Early Humans unit, it surprised me that in the Neolithic Era, people started to look for the beauty in things such as tools, homes/shelters, and clothing. Also, it surprised me that people started creating very creative things, like more developed clothes, ovens, basins, drills, and jewelry!

4. I would like to know more about our ancestors, and the early hominids, like Lucy. I also want to know more about the homo sapiens that lived in the Neolithic Era.

5. The part in the Early Humans unit that I think I will always remember is about the early hominids, and the differences from the Neolithic Era and the Paleolithic Era. I think I will also remember the meaning of B.C.E, C.E., decade, century, and millennium.

__Assignment 8__
1. One of the three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk was that people developed a lot more technology then I thought, such as curing snake bites, or fixing near death head damage. Also, people started worshiping 'things' and developed opinions of things, and started to think. That surprised me because I thought people in that time period was still "dumb."

2. One of the three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that I already knew from class was that people had more time to do more things such as build more homes, and hunting animals that the people were going to 'present', not eat for themselves. Also, the homes in Catal Huyuk had ovens and basins in them. The people living in Catal Huyuk also had a simple language that they communicated in.

3. Jookie's way of playing is probably different from my way of playing. Modern 12 year olds play with their MacBooks or with a Nintendo DS. Jookie might play with stones and sticks, or she might just help the adults work. Jookie's fanciest clothes might be wool sewn together and dyed, but some of our modern kids' clothes might be normal denim jeans with clothes with designs or writing, or accesories. Also, Jookie's favorite foods might be a boar cooked in a fire and eaten. Modern 12 year olds' favorite types of food might be pasta, seafood, or some other types of food that Jookie never ate before.

__Assignment 7__
1. The main difference between the Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era is the start of agriculture. People now started farming and didn't have to go hunting all the time. Even if they went hunting, they could still rely on the food that they are growing back home. Also, people started 'farming' animals. People tamed animals during the Neolithic Era to get special supplies, and to eat it during the hard times in the winter.

2. People now didn't have to hunt as much, and even if people did hunt, they could rely on the food they grow back home. Also, people had extra time (since they don't spend their whole life looking for food anymore) to do extra activities, such as making pottery, or even sewing. People also started trading from their new time and started to care for beauty of things, such as tools, and shelters. The shelters also became more permanent with extra features on the homes such as ovens and basins for storing food.

3. A good thing about agriculture is that agriculture is not as life threatening as hunting, and more time is available for extra activities. People had time to start trading amongst the people. People that started agriculture also had enough time to even care about the beauty of certain things. Also, war started between other areas that had better land and more food. Also, if the weather doesn't cooperate the way that farmers and farms need to, and the plants die, people have to start going back to hunting and gathering.

__Assignment 6__
1. Knowing that the plants grew from the seeds you have dropped, this discovery could change your way of life by allowing you to eat these sweet fruits everyday. If you know this, you can start dropping seeds of fruits that are appetizing into the ground, and you can eat these fruits whenever you want whenever it grows. Now, people don't have to hunt all the time as thy used. Also, it won't be dangerous!

2. Another name for the New Stone Age is the Neolithic Era.

3. People during this time made tools such as saws and drills by polishing stones. I think people this time used these tools to chop or cut off things more quickly. They also used it to cut hard things.

4. The hominid that learned to make fire are homo sapiens.

5. I think the change from gathering food to growing food is called Neolithic Revolution because revolution means, a big change, and Neolithic means New Stone. This big change (revolution) occurred in the Neolithic Era (New Stone Era), so I think that is why the change is called Neolithic Revolution.

6. Domestication is the process of changing animals or plants to make them more useful to us (humans).

7., Horses, cattle, sheep, and goats were domesticated in Asia.

8. Corn was first domesticated in North America.

9. If I was a farmer, my life would be different from hunters and gatherers because I don't need to go out hunting everyday to get my food. I don't have to risk my life by killing animals to earn my food. My life would be so much easier than hunting because all I need to do is drop some seeds into the ground and give water and take good care of it. Also, even if you hunt, you can still depend on the food that is being grown instead of the food you hunted. During the winter, you can save up the plants and fruits that were grown and eat is also. Also, my life will be more settled.

__Assignment 4__
A: Lucy and other hominids were found on Africa. (Olduvai Gorge)
 * 1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found?

2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? A: The scientific name of Lucy is australopithecus.

3. How long ago did Lucy live? A: Lucy lived more than 3 million years ago.

4. What was an important step in human development? A: The important step in human development are the stone tools, the use of fire and the ability to walk on two legs.

5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed. A: Australopithecus had a brain that is 1/3 the size of our brain. A couple of million years later, homo habilis were found to have brains that are half the size of brains from people these days. Homo habilis also started using stones to scrape things. Home erectus started to use axes, and developed use of fire. Next, homo sapiens learned to use a wide choice of tools, and developed a language.
 * Australopithecus
 * Homo habilis
 * Homo erectus
 * Homo sapiens

6.Which hominid is us now? A: We are now homo sapiens.

__Assignment 3__
1. What is your role in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? A: My role in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project is a script manager.

2. How will you make sure you perform your role well during this project? A: I will do my part without delaying it, and I will make sure that the script is the way the instructions want it to be. I will also make sure everyone gets a part in the script.

3. How will you deal with problems (if they happen) in your group? A: I will continue on working and ignore my other teammates until they notice that I started working and soon work along.

__Assignment 2__
1. How many centuries were between the events, "Castles built in Europe" and the "Automobile invented?" A: About 8 centuries were between the events.

2. What are the two events that occurred between the 3000 B.C.E. and the 1000 B.C.E.? A: The first event that happened between the 3000 B.C.E and the 1000 B.C.E. is "Pyramids built in Egypt" (2530 B.C.E), and the second one is "22- letter alphabet created by Phoenicians" (1100 B.C.E.).

3. How many decades are between when the Colored TV was invented, and the year 2000 C.E.? A: 5 decades are between the event.

4. In what decade was the Colored TV invented? A: It was the nineteen fifties when the Colored TV was invented.

5. In what century was Paper Money invented in China? Paper Money was invented in China in the tenth century.

__Assignment 1__
1. Were you born in a BCE year or a CE year? A: I was born in a CE year.

2. Put the following dates in order : AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 A: 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, CE 1215, AD 2000

3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? That would mean that an event happened at around AD 1000