Tabbara+SS+-+James

=media type="custom" key="4797029"= = = =Ancient Greece=


 * [[image:h20.gif height="281" caption="Medusa-Don't Look Into Her Eyes!!"]] ||

=**__Assignment 2__**= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common? //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different? //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae? //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced? //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history? //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar// = = = = =Ancient India=
 * Answer: The Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations both traded by sea with Egypt and the Asian minor.**//
 * Answer: The Minoans had a peaceful culture as they did not have any war equipment. The Mycenaean civilization had many war chariots and armor and weaponry.**//
 * Answer: I think that many of the aspects from the Minoan civilization are found in the Mycenaean periods because they probably traded with each other and they also probably had the same geographic features so they were both pretty good at seafaring.**//
 * Answer: Maybe Egypt and the Asia minor as they both traded with each other so they probably exchanged their beliefs and their cultures.**//
 * Answer: The seafaring travel routes probably would and also the different inventions at the time.**//
 * Answer: Both of the declines were caused by natural disasters.**

=**__Assignment 10__**= Now that we are finished our unit about ancient India, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned. Please answer clearly and with details. Each answer must be at least two sentences. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.


 * 1. The single most important thing I learned was...** Answer: The most important thing that I learned was that the ancient Indian discovered that the Earth was rounded. Also I learnt that the Indians discovered that all the planets revolved around the sun. This was important because this allowed astronomers to find out more about the solar system.


 * 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...** Answer: Something that confused me was that the Gupta empire fell around 500 CE and that the Huns had invaded at 400 CE. So what had happened in between?


 * 3. What surprised me the most was...** Answer: What surprised me was that the archeologists could not read some of the seals from the Indus Valley civilizations. Another thing that surprised me was that there was that there was no recording of how to read the writing of the Indus valley civilization.


 * 4. I would like to know more about...** Answer: I would like to know more about some of the other trading systems that the Indians undertook. For example where they traded with or if the civilization traded at all.


 * 5. The part that I think I will always remember was...** Answer: I think the part that I will always remember would be that the Indians spread Buddhism all around the world. So if there was no Asoka there would probably be only Buddhism in India.

Website: [|India-Government]
 * __Assignment 5__ **

Use the website above to answer these questions.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? Answer: When distributing food so everyone will have their fair share and so the people won't rebel. If there is a threat of war rulers could take control and have good plans defending the city and distributing the soldiers evenly. When building something like the sewers in Mohnejo-Daro they need organization of builders and have permission to have sewers to go through certain areas and this kind of thing needs organization. 2. Who were Rajahs? Answer: They were rulers of the cities. 3. What is a Guru? Answer: A guru is a teacher who stays with his student until he is 20 years old. 4. What subjects were taught in school? Answer: The subjects learnt in school were religion and government because religion had a lot to do with religion. 5. Who was in charge of the government? Answer: The priests were somewhat in charge of the government because they were the highest social level. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? Answer: People looked up to the priests as they spoke to the gods. 7. Look up the word 'sage' in any dictionary. What does it mean and what word from questions 1-6 is it similar to? Answer: It means a wise man who features in ancient people. The word priest as most sages are related to religious reasons.

2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? Answer: I liked the part where we had to decide the punishments for the Vaisyas and the Sudras if they behaved badly. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? Answer: What annoyed me was that the Brahmins could do whatever they wanted when they took some of our stuff. 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? Answer: I think that this system is unfair because some people have to suffer while others are fine and choose how the lower classes suffer. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not?** Answer: I think society should not organize people into social classes because people who are from other places and poor people would get shoved down to the bottom while others get to rule on top and so it is unfair.
 * __Assignment 4__ **
 * Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**
 * 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? Answer: I was a kshatriya.

Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**
 * __Assignment 3__ **
 * Source:** [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png height="32" link="https://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Archeologists+Ideas+Mohenjo-Daro.pdf"]] [|Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf]

1. **What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?** Answer: I learned that the people in Mohenjo Daro are quite clean as they had sewers in their cities. I also learned that they could trade easily because they had carts and I also learned that they played games. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? Answers: Mohenjo Daro was like a modern city as it had a sewage system. They had a leader as there was a statue of him. They had jewelry in Mohenjo Daro. They had houses and other buildings in Mohenjo Daro. 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? Answer: It is difficult as we cannot read their writing so if tablets with what was going on were discovered until we can read the language we cannot determine our ideas. Some of the artifacts maybe different to what we think they are. 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?** Answers: Maybe a enemy came in and attacked them for the good land that the Indus River had provided. Maybe there was a natural disaster like flooding or a hurricane. Maybe there was a big disease that killed people and so people moved away.
 * 2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. Answers: In the statues there is religion as the female statues are thought to be goddesses and there is a system of government in the sewers as the building of them needs organization. They also have culture as they have their own language on the seals.

Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. **What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro?** Answer: Some large important buildings, streets and buildings. 2. **How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today?** Answer: There are streets, walls and houses. They used bricks to build, 3. **What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro?** Answer: They were quite advanced as they used bricks to build, had a drainage system, and wells so they could have fresh water. Some artifacts are seals, model carts, and necklaces. 4. **Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum.** Answer: They had jewelry like necklaces for example. They had seals for documents. 5. **What do we know about the Priest-King?** Answer: We know that he must of been a ruler or an important man. His sculpture was found in the lower town of Mohenjo-Daro. 6. **What was the Great Bath and how was it used?** Answer: Archeologists are not really sure what the building is used for but they do have some opinions. People think that the bath was used for special religious ceremonies. People may of used the water to purify themselves. There is a well nearby which may of been used to collect water for the bath.
 * __Assignment 2__ **

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __Assignment 1__ **


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.


 * Questions:**

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? Answer: They are both of the Indian subcontinent. They have most of the same physiographic features.

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? Answer: There are mountains to the East of the Indian subcontinent. There are also more branches form the Himalaya mountains to feed the major rivers. There is the Sarasvati river on the map on the wiki.

3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Saravati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. Answer: I think they settled on the Sarasvati and Indus rivers because there was a lot of silt so the land was fertile and then they could grow crops easily. The rivers were close to the Hindu Kush mountains which had the major trade routes. The rivers also could supply the people and plants with water to drink.

4. Accurately label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? Answer: After the Sarasvati river dried up they moved to areas with more space and more habitable. It was because the Ganges river was also fertile like the Indus and Sarasvati. = = = = = = =Ancient Egypt=

=**__Assignment 12__**= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... Answer: The single most important thing that I leaned was that pharaohs were treated like gods.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Answer: I didn't understand why the Egyptians would burn the body of the pharaoh if then the pharaoh would not make it through the underworld.

3. What surprised me the most was... Answer: What surprised me the most was that the Egyptians managed to finish the Great Pyramid of Khufu in 20 years.

4. I would like to know more about... Answer: I would like to learn more about the actual trade routes that the Egyptian took to trade.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... Answer: The part that I will always remember is that the Egyptians managed to keep their empire for a very long time, 3100 BCE-30 BCE.

= = =**__Assignment 7__**= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * Part 1
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

A pyramid is a tomb that has four triangular shaped sides that slop to the top. The largest pyramid is the great pyramid of Khufu. Making a pyramid was a huge task and this was done so by workers who dragged the limestone blocks up ramps made of rubble. Most pyramids had about 1,000 workers working on one pyramid. The workers were paid though in goods such as grain instead of money. The pyramid showed the pharaohs importance and the size and shape of the pyramid were a symbol. The point up in the sky showing his journey to afterlife. The Egyptians thought that if the pyramid was spectacular the Egyptians would have a good afterlife when they died, and that the pharaoh controlled whether you had a good afterlife or not. __Part 2__ The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...


 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

The differences with the old kingdom and the middle kingdom was that pyramids were stopped being built as they wasn't enough money to build more and they were easy to spot by grave robbers. Also there were no rulers at the end of the old kingdom as nobles tried to take the throne. Life was quite easy at first but then Egypt fell into disorder once again. Around 1750BC another army called the Hyksos tried to take Egypt. They had chariots, horses and good weapons. They managed take lower Egypt but the Egyptians eventually threw them out.

Part 3 The New Kingdom (1570 BCE - 1070 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 102-103 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...


 * what new territories were conquered
 * names of pharaoh's involved in expansion
 * wars or battles and who was involved
 * trading (who and what)

The New Kingdom was a time of expansion, building monuments. After throwing out the invaders of Egypt the Egyptians tried to close off any gaps where the enemies could slip in. Territories conquered were Hyksos, Syria near the Euphrates river, Kingdom of Kush and South Nubia, in addition the Assyrian, Babylonian and the Hittites sent gifts to stop the Egyptians getting any reason to take them as well. One of the pharaohs involved in the fighting were Ramses the Great, when he fought the Hittites when they tried to take over the Egyptians. After years of fighting the Egyptians and Hittites ceased fighting with neither of them winners. Shortly after that battle the people called the sea people took over the south of asia. The hittite empire was destroyed and cities were destroyed. After 50 years of fighting the Egyptians turned their backs on asian empire. Trade was enhanced when Queen Hatshepsut was ruler. She traded with the The Sinai Peninsula had large supplies of turquoise and copper. They also got a lot of gold from conquered countries. Punt traded as well and the Egyptians got gold from them.

=
//Before the golden age 1560 Egypt was divided. The Hyksos took over the nile delta. The Nubians took over the south. The Egyptians only had the middle part. The royal family thought that they should throw the others out. The father had tried to rebel but was killed. Egyptians hated foreigners. One of the sons said to liberate Egypt. The Hyksos asked the Nubians to join forces to crush the rest of Egypt.//======

=__Assignment 6__=

=**James's Comic: **=

=**__Assignment 5__**=
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? Answer: They wanted to preserve them so the souls could be recognized in the afterlife.
 * 2) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? Answer: The way the Egyptians preserved the bodies is by mummifying them and the process is called mummification. Mummifying involves wrapping the body up in linen and taking out certain body parts.
 * 3) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? Answer: The brain was taken out by a hook and it was broken up inside the head until small and then taken out through the nose. The Egyptians though that the brain was unimportant for the afterlife.
 * 4) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? Answer: The first organ was the intestines and they were placed in a jar which had the stopper in the shape of a falcon headed god. The second organ was the stomach and the jar had a stopper in the shape of a jackal headed dog. The third organ was the liver and the jar stopper was in the shape of the human headed god. The final organ was the lungs and the stopper was in the shape of the baboon headed god.
 * 5) What did they do with the heart? Why? Answer: They left the heart in the body as they thought that the heart was the most important part of the body. They thought that the heart was the center of in intelligence and thoughts.
 * 6) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. Answer: Wadi El Natron is where Natron came from. Natron is like salt. It was used to dry the body out.
 * 7) How was [|linen] used during mummification? Answer: The linen was wrapped around the body to help keep its shape. Also the linen was stuffed inside the body to make the body look more life like.
 * 8) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. Answer:The amulets were placed on the body and used for stuff like good health and things. One of the amulets is in the shape of Horus's eye for good health. Another amulet is in the shape of a heart to protect the heart.
 * 9) What happens to the body after it was mummified? Answer: After the body is mummified the Egyptians place a mask on it and then place it in a casket and then into the tomb.

=__Assignment 4__=
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god orgoddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

Part one answer: I would like to be Horus as I would like to be the god of the sky so I could look down on the the earth and also be able to be high up in the sky and watch birds fly. I would also like to be half hawk and half human. The god I would not like to be is Osiris as the underworld is not a very nice place so I would not like to have to rule there. Also the underworld is full of ghosts and scary stuff.

Part two answer: One of the similar gods are Ra and Shamash as they are both sun gods and both have discs of light. I think they are similarities as this is what they saw in the world and they are just the same in their mind about things. =media type="custom" key="5010571"= = = = = =**__Assignment 2__**=
 * Source: Read pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? Answer: I would not really mind if I worked for the pharaoh as log as I get paid for working. Also he is like a god so that might mean that I will not mind. Another thing is that we would work on this project in the floods. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end?Answer: The historians call the Third Dynasty 'Old Kingdom' and it started from 2700 BCE and ended in 2200 BCE. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. Answer: The Ancient Egyptians thought that Egypt belonged to the gods and that the pharaoh was sent from the gods to look after Egypt. Although the pharaoh was meant to be a god the Egyptians blamed him if the crops did not grow or disease came. They wanted the pharaoh to make trade more profitable and stop wars. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? Answer: His responsibilities was to make the crops grow, stop disease, prevent wars and make trading more profitable. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? Answer: Khufu was best known for all the monuments built for him. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) Answer: The structure is all the different statuses that people had. The pharaoh at the top of them as the king and God. The nobles and priests were underneath him in the society level. Next came the scribes and the craftsmen. Last of all were the slaves and farmers that worked for the nobles and the pharaoh. 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? Answer: In the flooding season there were a lot of people to make monuments. There might be a civil war and many slaves and all the farmers might join and overthrow the kingdom. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? Answer: When the floods came the farmers and slaves worked on the pharaoh's building projects. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). Answer: The Egyptians traded with the Syria for wood that was used to make houses and fires. They also traded with Nubia to get stone, gold, copper and iron for building. They also got slaves from Nubia. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. Answer: Acquire means to get something. The Egyptians __acquired__ gold from Nubia when they traded. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? Answer: The Viziers would be where the nobles are as they are quite high levels as they advise the pharaoh.

=Assignment 1=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent and mark three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. =__Mesopotamia__= =**__Assignment 13__**= Now that we are finished with the Mesopotamia unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Mesopotamia. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... Answer: The single most important thing that I learnt was that a civilization to be a civilization has to have: regular food supply, system of government, different jobs for the people, different social levels, and culture. Religion is not needed. I think that this is important has all civilizations need these characteristics, apart from religion, to be a civilization.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Answer: What confused me was that how three empires could rule at the same time in the same place.

3. What surprised me the most was... Answer: What surprised me was that the Sumerians invented time. Time in how they divide up hours, minutes and seconds.

4. I would like to know more about... Answer: I would like to learn more about different empires that took over Mesopotamia.

=** 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... Answer: The part that I think that I will always remember is that Sargon was the first emperor in the world and that he made the first empire. Assignment 12 **= =Characteristics of Civilization= =Empire Name: Assyrians=
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Carefully read pages 76-77 and choose one of the empires below. Research the empire you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the empire you chose. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page, then**answer the question** below the chart. You will also have to indicate on your Scribble Map where the civilization you chose came from.
 * ==Six Characteristics of Civilization== || ==Evidence for Characteristic== || ==Explanation== ||
 * Reliable Food Supply || They could farm and trade with other towns. When they conquered a town they took all the food there. || The Assyrians were well known traders and traded a lot. They grew crops on their farms and also they took food from towns they captured. ||
 * System Of Government || There were Kings and an Army || It says that the King lead his army to conquer other countries. The army had siege weapons to destroy city walls. ||
 * Specialization Of Jobs (Different members perform different jobs) || Miners, traders, kings, soldiers, weavers, messengers. || The traders took tin and cloth to Turkey to trade. Miners are needed to mine the tin and weavers to make the cloth. The Kings made the armies attack nearby places. The messengers took messages to other people. ||
 * Different Social Levels (Some higher Status than others) || Kings at the top and Slaves at the bottom. || The Assyrian empire took slaves in and there were kings to lead the armies. ||
 * Culture || They had statues, libraries and good weapons. || The Assyrians took statues from other places. It says that archeologists could not find the books from he kings library. In the video the Assyrians were using a weapon that could destroy walls. ||
 * Religion || They had their own religion and feared the gods. || It says that after the dark age the Assyrians did NOT want to upset the gods after the dark age as that was what they thought had caused it. Ashurism was their own religion. ||

Was it difficult to find evidence for the empire you picked? Why or why not? Answer: It was quite easy as the Assyrians were a well known empire. I think the fact that it was one of the only big empires that survived the Dark Age helps.

=Assyrians= []

[]

= = =**__Assignment 11__**=

Go to this [|site] and read about the different Mesopotamian gods, goddesses, demons, and monsters. Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god, goddess, demon, or monster. Then choose one that you would not want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are middle school quality explanations. Answer: I would like to be Anzu. Why I would like to be Anzu as I can create massive winds and storms. I also want to be able to fly in the sky high above the earth. The god, goddess, demon or monster that I don't want to be is Mushhushu as i don't want to have the gods riding on my back all the time. Another thing is that my name would be 'furious snake' and I don't want that name. =** Assignment 10 **=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Dire****ctions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? Answer: I don't think that common people should be punished more harshly as everybody is the same apart from how rich they are and if Hammurabi punished the common people more he will become less popular. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? Answer: Ur had been reduced to ruins by 2000 BCE. 3. Where was Babylon located? Answer: Babylon is located on the Euphrates river which is now where Bagdad is now. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? Answer: Hammurabi became the king of Babylon in 1792 BCE. 5. What is a monarch? Answer: A monarch is a ruler of a kingdom or empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? Answer: Hammurabi called his empire the Babylonian Empire after his capitol. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? Answer: The most famous of his skills is that he made code laws. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? Answer: The areas of daily life in his codes were: trade, loans, theft, marriage, injury and murder. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. Answer: Hammurabi's code was important as everybody could see it all over the empire and that they could see how thorough is was. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? Answer: Like what happened to Sargon's empire the Babylonian kings faced attacks from the people Hammurabi had attacked and after a few years after Hammurabi had died the babylonian empire fell. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __** Copy **__ the three laws and their **numbers**onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.

2. If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. Answer: I thin that this law is interesting as everybody will almost float and if they can swim they won't die. I disagree with this law as if the person that had been accused did not do anything they would be killed and that is just unfair.

6. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. Answer: This is an interesting law as if the person that received the stolen goods is completely innocent they will be killed and that is unfair but if both the stealer and the receiver planned to steal from a temple executing them is a good punishment.

18. If the slave will not give the name of the master, the finder shall bring him to the palace; a further investigation must follow, and the slave shall be returned to his master. Answer: I think that the slave should be punished more harshly as they did not cooperate with the finder to find the master.

=** Assignment 9 **= After playing the Trader's game, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's game. You can make comments to your classmates about if you agree or disagree with their point of viewor comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __** Trader's Circuit questions **__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? Answer: I really liked the way that we had to cooperate with everyone else. 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? Answer: I felt as if I had to get a monopoly on one thing so then I could get a good score. 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? Answer: The difficult thing was finding out what the other traders had and if I wanted one of those things and then bargaining with them. 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? Answer: If you have the monopoly of something that means that if someone else wanted one of those things you can raise the price. 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? Answer: I would change the amount of people in one group and make it bigger so that the amount of objects that you had to get to get a monopoly and the amount of people you could trade with. 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why? Answer: It was better to cooperate otherwise they would not trade with you if the other person had something you wanted.

=**__Assignment 8__**= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.

=**Assignment 7**= __Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page.__ = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. England 1a. England has a Prime Minister and a Queen. 2a. England has farms. 3a. England has, farmers, aircraft pilots etc. 4a. The Queen in England has a higher status than normal people in England. 5a. In England there is a lot of architecture, music and literature. 6a. There are a lot of churches in England for Christians. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? I think civilization needs everything below if it is to keep on 'living' as food is required, someone who is in control, people with different jobs so they can earn money, culture to make the place stand out from the rest but a religion is not needed as they can go about their normal lives without religion.
 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live? Answer: The Akkadians lived just North of Sumer.
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.? Answer: Their relationship with the Sumerians was quiet peaceful in the beginning but in 2300s BCE the Akkadians fought against the Sumerians for land.
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do? Answer: Sargon was the ruler and the first to have a permanent army. He also built a new capital which was called Akkad.
 * 4) What did Sargon establish? Answer: Sargon established the first empire.
 * 5) Define 'empire'. Answer: Land of different territories and people under single rule.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader. Answer: Sargon ruled his empire for more than 50 years and he built the first empire. He was the first to make soldiers use bow and arrows. He ate with his soldiers every day.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire? Answer: Sargon ruled his empire for over 50 years.
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire? Answer: A century after Sargon died the other rulers could not keep the empire together and hostile tribes from the east conquered Akkad.
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again? Answer: The Sumerians eventually conquered Mesopotamia.
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city? Answer: There is a harbor for all the boats, there is a canal through the city leading to another harbor. Ur also had a big wall and lots of farms.

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples. =**Assignment 5**= __Using your sheet from class about Sumerian achievements, which achievements would go under each of these categories? (For example, devotional statues would be under the religion category.)__ =Assignment 4= __Go to this site (__[|Sumerian Inventions]__) and look at the__ //__**Early Inventions**__// __section. Choose **three** Sumerian inventions that you think are important for us today. In your own words, explain clearly and with details why these **three** Sumerian inventions are important for us__ Answer: I think that the most important inventions from Sumer were the sail boat, the wheel and the way they divided hours and minutes into 60 seconds. The sail boat is an important invention because it allowed people to travel much easier and it was quicker than walking ( if there was wind ) and also it allowed people to carry more supplies to other people or their farms. I think that the invention of the wheel is important because without wheels carts, trains, cars and a lot more would be useless. I think that dividing hours and minutes into 60 is very important because that is how long we measure how long a day is and also how we know what time it is.
 * __The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:__**
 * Government-The Mesopotamian people had written laws, organized armies and city/states.
 * Culture- Music, math, writing, games, medicine and Arch.
 * Religion-They built Devotional Statues and Ziggurats for the gods.
 * Jobs-They made statues, metal tools, doctors, musicians, mathematician, farmers, sailers, irrigation, sailer and wheel makers.

=**Assignment 3**= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any)__ clearly __and with__ details __on your wiki page.__** **__Use the handouts from class called__****__//Event C://__** //__**Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**__// **__&__** //__**Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**__// **__to help you answer the questions.__**
 * __ Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? Answer: The people used buckets of water to water their crops. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? Answer:The farmers built natural earth walls called levees to stop flooding. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __** clearly **__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? Answer: The people in Mesopotamia built canals from the river Euphrates or Tigris to bring water to their farms and along the way of these canals were dams that let just enough water through for the crops and stopped floods. Also reservoirs stopped the water from going down the paths to fast and also if the water built up they had some extra water. Levees prevented flooding like dams. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? Answer: surplus means extra food or provisions. 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? Answer: As all the canals to different villages were connected if one canal becomes clogged with dirt it is quite possible that about another 5 canals will stop flowing easily. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? Answer: All the villages worked together to clean all the canals if they became clogged up.
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? Answer: They helped each other by cleaning the canals together. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? Answer: By canals that went in between the the cities. 3. What did many villages grow into? Answer: Most villages soon grew into towns and cities. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? Answer: The area was called Sumer and the people were called Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? Answer: One city could take all the water so all the other cities further down the canal don't have very much water. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? Answer: There were no natural barriers so you could easily be attacked. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? Answer: Build a big wall to prevent enemies getting into your town. =**__Assignment 2__**= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page.** **Use the handouts from class called****//Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply//** **to help you answer the questions.**
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**
 * Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?


 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river plains? Answer:There were major flooding and then droughts so the plants died. 2. How did they solve these problems? Answer: They built paths for the water that led to the crops and they built a dam to stop too much water flowing through. = 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? Answer:The water came from the Zagros Mountains. __Assignment 1__= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the handout from class called //Event A: Food Shortage to// help you answer the questions.** 1. What helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia? Answer: Increased food supply, sturdier shelters and technology allowed the population to grow. 2. What does cultivate mean? Answer: Cultivate means to grow. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? Answer: The farmers didn't have enough land to keep growing crops so the towns and villages didn't have enough food. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of your handout, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why? Answer: The best idea is too plant more crops so you get more harvest so you don't go hungry. = = = __Early Humans__ = = =
 * Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?
 * Food Shortage**

Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.
 * =**__Assignment 9__**=

1. The single most important thing I learned was... The most important thing that I learned is that the first civilization appeared in Neolithic period and thats how cities,towns and villages began.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... I didn't understand how the timeline works with BC and BCE but I understand what Millennium, Decade and Century are I just don't understand how to work out things accurately.

3. What surprised me the most was... What surprised me the most was that Homo Sapiens learnt to farm so long ago.

4. I would like to know more about... I would like to learn more about is how they learned to make their technology better.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The part that I will remember is that Homo Sapiens learned to make fire while the others didn't. Also I would remember that Lucy is also known as Australopithecus. ||

__Assignment 8__ Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? Answer: I was surprised that the father chose his daughters husband. I didn't know that the only way of curing someone is to drill a hole in their head. Also people had to buy their wives by giving stuff to the wives family. 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? Answer: I knew about farming and that things were discovered by accident. I also knew that that from a hunt that people brought back live animals. 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __** Explain **__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) Answer: My life is different because our towns are much bigger and she doesn't live in a big town. Also we can travel much faster to different places much quicker while Jookie can't go very far quickly. Another thing thats different is that we have much more technology like televisions, phones, c.d. players while she has pots, knives, and more simple stuff but her technology was getting better.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

__Assignment 7__ Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? Answer:In the Paleolithic period we were hunters and gatherers but in the Neolithic period we began to farm so we didn't have to hunt and gather. 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? Answer:People now didn't have to move camp if food was scarce so they built houses. Also, people could build permanent houses because they didn't move from place to place. Another thing was that if they hunted and they didn't catch anything they could still have food for tea. 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture? Answer: Advantages were that you wouldn't get hurt or injured when hunting an animal but the disadvantage is that some people would miss the excitement. Another advantage is that you wouldn't have to move camp every time but that means that you can't find new things. A disadvantage is that people will fight over good land so people will die. Another disadvantage is that if the weather is bad your crops could die.

=**__Assignment 6__**= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the //Beginnings of Agriculture// section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). My life would be much less dangerous and I wouldn't be exposed to starvation.

Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? Answer: The name for the new stone age is 'Neolithic Era' 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? Answer: These people polished stones so they could use them for drills and saws also by scraping two stones together they could make sparks so they now made fire. 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? Answer: The only hominid able to make fire was Homo Sapiens so the answer must be Homo Sapiens. 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? Answer: It is called the Neolithic Revolution because it was a massive change from hunting and gathering to farming. 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? Answer: Domestication means the process to change plants and animals to make them more useful to people. 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? Answer: The first animals domesticated in Asia were horse sheep cattle and goat. 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? Answer: Corn was first domesticated in Southwest Asia. 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different. Answer: You would not have to keep on moving camp because food is scarce, you would not have to go look for prey and you would not get injured from attacking animals.

__**Assignment 4**__ Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? Answer: Lucy and the other hominids were found in Africa. 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? Answer: The scientific name is Australopithecus. 3. How long ago did Lucy live? Answer: Lucy lived around 3 million years ago. 4. What was an important step in human development? Answer: Lucy stood and walked with 2 legs. 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is clear and detailed.
 * Australopithecus: The name means 'southern ape' also known as Lucy this human stood upright on its two legs and also walked on its two legs.
 * Homo habilis: The name means 'handy man' and this human used simple stone tools used for chopping and scraping.
 * Homo erectus: The name means 'upright man' and this human learned to control fire and used sharpened stones as tools like the choppping axe.
 * Homo sapiens: The names means 'wise man' and this human learned to make fire and a wide range of tools.We are the same type of humans as the homo sapiens.

6. Which hominid is us now? Answer: We are Homo Sapiens.

__Assignment 3__ 1. What is your role in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? My role is Props Manager. 2. How will you make sure you perform your role well during this project? I will perform my role well by doing my job my best and listening to the other members of the group. 3. How will you deal with problems (if they happen) in your group? We will deal with problems by listening to each other and by voting if needed. __Assignment 2__ Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. 1. Which date was is closer to the year 0, 2000 BCE or 5000 BCE? answer:2000 BCE 2. How many events were there between 20000 BCE and 10000 BCE? answer:4 3. Was the lightbulb invented in BCE or CE? answer:CE 4. Which century are we in now? answer:21st century 5. Which millennium was paper money invented? answer:1st millennium __**Assignment 1**__ 1. Were you born in the BCE year or an CE year? I was born in an CE year. 2. Put the following dates in order:BC 2000,3100 BCE,15 BCE,BC 476,BC 3,1215 BCE. The date order is: 3100 BCE,, 15 BCE, CE 3, CE 476, CE 1215, CE 2000. 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? About 1000 BCE.