Tabbara+SS+G-+Thomas

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= Welcome to Thomas's wiki. Hope you enjoy it. =

=Ancient Greece=

=__Assignment 5__=
 * Sources:**
 * Athens: [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Battle+of+Marathon.pdf"]] [|The Battle of Marathon.pdf]
 * Sparta: [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Battle+of+Thermopylae.pdf"]] [|The Battle of Thermopylae.pdf]
 * Corinth: [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Peloponnesian+War.pdf"]] [|The Peloponnesian War.pdf]


 * Directions:** Follow the directions given to you in class.

=__Assignment 4 __= Answer the following questions **in your notebook**. Make sure your answers are **clear** and **detailed**. =__Assignment 3__= Sources: Copy the following venn diagram **in your notebook**. Then, using all of the sources above, compares these three poleis by filling in the proper area in the venn diagram.
 * 1) What type of government did you work under as you built your acropolis?
 * 2) How did you feel working under this type of government? **Be honest :), specific, and detailed in your answer.**
 * 3) **Explain clearly** at least two advantages to working under this type of government?
 * 4) **Explain clearly** at least two disadvantages to working under this type of government?
 * 5) Which one of the types of governments we learned about would you like to be a citizen of? Why?
 * Athens
 * Corinth
 * Sparta

=__Assignment 2__= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar.//

=__**Assignment 1**__=
 * Source 1:** []


 * Source 2:** []


 * Directions:** Using **both** sources above, neatly and clearly label the following on your scribble map.
 * Greece (text label)
 * Athens (marker)
 * Corinth (marker)
 * Sparta (marker)
 * Mount Olympus (text label)
 * Crete (text label)
 * Knossos (its' a city on Crete) (marker)
 * the Aegean Sea (text label)
 * the Black Sea (text label)
 * the Ionian Sea (text label)

=Ancient India=

=__Assignment 10__= Now that we are finished our unit about ancient India, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned. Please answer clearly and with details. Each answer must be at least two sentences. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... The information about Hinduism and Buddhism. If I meet a Hindu or a Buddhist, I will know what not to say and do, and what to say and do.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... how could Asoka put shade trees and rest houses everywhere in the huge empire. This empire is half the size of the continental US, and yet, I think it has better rest stops than in the most powerful country in the world.

3. What surprised me the most was... that the Hindus created the Hindu-Arabic numbers. In the famous Magic Treehouse series (for kids) they just called the numbers Arabic numerals. I didn't know that the Hindus created the numbers and the Arabs just spread it to Europe.

4. I would like to know more about... the caste system. The textbook said that there were at one point, 3000 different castes, what are they and why were the people divided like that?

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... missing wiki 9. We had to be a sage for that assignment, and I missed it due to a family trip. Instead, I had to summarize ALL the pages that the sages talked about. It was hard and long work, but one good thing was that I learned a lot, and it really helped me on the quiz.

=__Assignment 9__=
 * Source:** Online Textbook pages 162-171


 * Directions:** You are a sage and you will teach your classmates a part of ancient India's history. The four parts are...
 * The Mauryan Empire (page 162-163, 166)
 * The Gupta Empire (page 164-165)
 * Indian Achievements- Religious Art & Sanskrit Literature (page 167-169)
 * Indian Achievements- Scientific Advances (page 170-171)

Each part has (or might have) pictures, illustrations, maps, dates, vocabulary words, and important people. Your job as a sage is to become an expert on your part so you will be able to comfortably and confidently teach others. Remember that if you don't understand the information, you won't be able to teach others properly. Follow these steps to become a great sage: =__Assignment 8__= Write your answers for this assignment in your **NOTEBOOK**.
 * 1) Read all the information on the pages you are responsible for. Don't just read the main parts, look at the other information such as maps or diagrams or pictures.
 * 2) Take notes in your notebook and answer the **//Reading Check//** question after each section to make sure you understand the information. You also have to answer the questions about your section from **page 176** (section 4 or 5).
 * 3) Decide how you are going to present the information to your students. Will you just talk about the information (this can be boring) or will you use visuals or give a slideshow presentation (this can be more interesting)? Remember that your students have not read the information and are counting on you to teach them in an interesting and educational way.
 * 4) How will you check if your students understood the information? Will you make up questions to ask them? What else will you do? Will you ask your students to create something that shows their understanding? Think about how you are taught at school and the activities you do in your classes.
 * 5) Your students must do the work you give them and they must do the following:
 * add at least three important events to their timelines (you choose the events)
 * Sources:**
 * 1. Online Textbook page 157
 * 2. Online Textbook pages 158-159
 * Directions:**

__Part 1__ Using source number 1, write your own clear and complete sentences using of the following words. Remember that your sentences should show that you know the meanings of the words. __Part 2__ Using source number 2, write about the following: >> __Part 3__ Using source number 2, create a clear and neat Venn diagram showing the differences and similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism.
 * fasting
 * meditation
 * The Four Noble Truths
 * Summarize in 3-4 sentences
 * Give one real-world example for each truth
 * The Eightfold Path
 * Summarize in 3-4 sentences
 * Explain how you are following at least three of the eight parts of the path in your life today
 * Explain how you are NOT following two of the eight parts of the path in your life today

=**__Assignment 7__**= Using the sources above, complete the //Buddha's Path to Enlightenment// sheet by...
 * Sources:**
 * Online Textbook pages 156-157
 * The Buddha's Biography
 * Pictures:
 * 1. Siddhartha's Birth
 * 2. Princely Life
 * 3. Discovers Aging Sickness Death
 * 4. Leaves Family
 * 5. Becomes the Buddha
 * Directions:**
 * completing the drawing for each picture.
 * writing an appropriate caption (2-3 sentences) for each picture.
 * adding three labels to each picture.
 * coloring each picture.
 * coloring the other parts of the sheet for a higher grade.

= =

Here is additional information:
 * __Assignment 6__** Follow the directions on the handout for your illustrated poem about the //Ramayana//.
 * You must have at least four visuals and they must all be original (i.e. you must create them).
 * Your poem must be neatly typed in an easy to read font or __neatly__ hand written.
 * Your name should appear on the front side of your poem.
 * You may use more than one sheet of paper.
 * Your poem must be converted to a PDF and put into my dropbox on the due date given to you in class.
 * Scripts for all five scenes--->[[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/ReadersTheaterRamayana.pdf"]] [|ReadersTheaterRamayana.pdf]

Website: [|India-Government]
 * __ Assignment 5 __**

Use the website above to answer these questions.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? Without a central government, people would be building houses just anywhere and getting into fights. With the government creating plans of where people live, there are less arguments over who gets what. 2. Who were Rajahs? They were rulers of the cities. 3. What is a Guru? He was a type of teacher. 4. What subjects were taught in school? Government and religion were taught at the schools. 5. Who was in charge of the government? The Indus Priests were in charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? They were the ones who made offerings to the gods and they were in the highest caste in the caste system. 7. Look up the word 'sage' in any dictionary. What does it mean and what word from questions 1-6 is it similar to? Sage: someone revered for the possession of wisdom, judgment, and experience. The word seems similar to 'Guru.'

**Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? I was in the Vaisyas varna. They are the farmers, the craftspeople, and traders. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? My favorite part was when the Sudras offered their services to us. In Korea and America, there is no caste system. Everyone was supposed to treat everyone equally. Having people offering their services to us, that was a change, and I felt like I was in control. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? The Brahmins bossed us around. Normal people don't really like people bossing us around in a bossy sort of way. The Brahmins didn't even thank us for our services! 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? I don't think that this system is fair. All the hard working people such as the Vaisyas and the Sudras are at the bottom of the system. The Brahmins and the Kshatriyas rely on us to feed, make stuff for, etc., etc. for almost everything. The Brahmins are just people who meditate and pray all day. The Kshatriyas, I think, should at least appreciate us more. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? No, society should not organize people into social classes. This is because, as I stated above, the hard workers get almost nothing for all their work. The Vaisyas and the Sudras should get enough money to be happy and work hard.
 * __ Assignment 4 __**

Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**
 * __ Assignment 3 __**
 * Source:** [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf"]] Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? I learned that the Mohenjo-Daro people lived a very advanced and great society. They had houses, drains, roads and much more advanced technology that allows the people of Mohenjo-Daro to live comfortably.

2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. The weights and scales represent a regular food supply. The people traded mostly grain which is food. The people kept using scales which meant that there was a regular supply of grain traded everyday because of a regular food supply. They had culture. They made statues, games, and great buildings. They also had different jobs. Some people took care of the sewer system, some people farmed, or traders and much more.

3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro is like a modern city? I think the sewer system is like modern cities. Rainwater, garbage, human waste is transported through it and disposed of in the river, or in modern cities, any nearby body of water. The women wore jewelry, just like the women these days.

4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? I think one reason is that when the Sarasvati River dried up, the desert took over it. So, some artifacts may still be buried underneath the sands of the Thar Desert. Also, I think that the majority of the world's archeologists study Ancient Greece, the Romans, the Egyptians, and all the big, and famous civilizations.

5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? I think that the drying up of the Sarasvati River might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro. I think, that the city was so big, that the people used both of the rivers. When one river dried up, people moved away because they didn't have as much water as they used to. Also, the drying up of one river can severely damage agriculture. With less food, more people would have died or moved away. The people might have been attacked. Also, disease could also have wiped them out. There also could have been a revolt. Natural disaster could have taken them out also. Desertification could have destroyed them also.

__** Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? The Priest King Statue was found in Lower Town. A long, and wide street called First Street was also found. Houses, wells, drains, and many more features were found in the excavations.
 * __ Assignment 2

2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? It has houses with different rooms. Drains are used also. People used wells for their water just like some people in other parts of the world. Many countries have baths like Mohenjo-Daro. Buildings were made of bricks. Many of our buildings are made of bricks.

3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? What people lived in is one thing we can learn from archaeological discoveries. How people got water was another thing you can learn. Also, another important thing was: did people get rid of their waste, and if yes, how? What children did for fun was another thing because if you find toys, then the children must have played with the toys.

4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. Necklaces were worn by the rich. They used precious metals and stones for the necklace. The seal in the shape of elephant was made for imprinting a shape on wet clay. An important government official might have used it for authorization to do something.

5. What do we know about the Priest-King? He has 2 bands, one on his hand, and another on his upper right arm. He wears a cloak decorated with trefoils. He is 18 cm tall. He is very short because he is a statue. He is made of fired steatite.

6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? The Great Bath was a mysterious building who's purpose is unknown. Most archeologists think it might have been used for religious purposes or just as a public bath. There is a well that might have been used to fill the bath, or the people could have used rainwater.

**Source: IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg**
 * __ Assignment 1 __**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? My map and that map shows physiographic features of India.
 * Questions:**

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? Rivers that are supposed to be around the Deccan Plateau are not on my map, and a non-existent river is not on my map. Probably because my map is probably the modern-day Indian Subcontinent.

3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Saravati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. The Indus and the Saravati riverbanks are very fertile. This makes the land good for farming. Also, both rivers are close to the Hindu Kush Mountains. The Hindu Kush Mountains have the Khyber Pass which allows travelers to cross through and make trade.

4. Accurately label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? The ancient Indian people eventually migrated to the Ganga River because the Sarasvati dried up.

=Ancient Egypt=

=__Assignment 12__= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... the 3 kingdoms of Egypt. Before 6th grade, I read books about Ancient Egypt and come across the words: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. Now that we learned about Ancient Egypt, I know that they are different periods of Ancient Egypt's history.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... I understood everything. I read a lot about Egypt and some of the facts weren't new to me. I don't mean to brag. The Egyptians were a fascinating civilization, and it was nice to learn more about them.

3. What surprised me the most was... the territory of the 3 kingdoms. I thought that the Egyptians modern-day borders were the same as in ancient times. The Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom's borders were kept to the Nile River. The New Kingdom's borders were thinner, but taller (N to S).

4. I would like to know more about... everything. Ancient Egypt is a great civilization, and very interesting civilization.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The Ancient Egyptian iMovie project. It was very fun, and challenging.

= = =__Assignment 11__=
 * Sources:**
 * Online Textbook pages 93-103
 * Wiki Assignments
 * Your Notes

Use the above sources to label your 3D Timeline with labels about: = = =__Assignment 10__= __Ancient Egypt Topic Peer Assessment__ Go to our YouTube Channel and login using the username and password given in class. You will assess your classmates' videos using the rubric for the ancient Egypt project and by answering the questions below. Each answer must be at least **two** sentences long. Post your assessment in the comments section under each classmate's video. Please make sure you include your first name only or your comment will be deleted. You must comment on **four** classmates' videos:
 * Directions:**
 * Ancient Egypt's three kingdoms (Provide a clear and detailed **three** sentence description about __**each**__ kingdom. Each kingdom must have a separate label on the timeline.)
 * Pharaoh Khufu (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about him.)
 * The Hyksos in Egypt (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about them.)
 * Pharaoh Hatshepsut (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about her.)
 * Ramses the Great (Provide a clear and detailed **two** sentence description about him.)
 * Requirements:**
 * Each event label must have a simple title about the information
 * Each event label must have correct dates
 * Each event label must have an appropriate picture
 * Each event label must have a citation for the picture
 * Sentences should be **complete** and **detailed**
 * classmate above your name
 * classmate below your name
 * two other classmates of your choice

1. How did your classmate make the video interesting and creative?

2. Was it easy to understand your classmates presentation including his/her voice? Why or why not?

3. Clearly explain two things you learned from your classmate's video.

4. How could your classmate improve his/her video?

= = =__Assignment 9__= A Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 D Block- Monday Feb. 22 G Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 **
 * Due Dates:
 * Task:** You are to research your assigned topic from Egyptian history and create a video presentation using iMovie. The video presentation should be 3-4 minutes and include the following required elements:


 * Rubric: [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Ancient Egypt Project Rubric.pdf"]] Ancient Egypt Project Rubric.pdf**


 * 1) Introduce your topic to the audience and explain the importance of your subject in Ancient Egypt.
 * 2) Explain and show where your topic belongs on a map of Egypt. You may have to be creative with this part because your topic might not be from one area.
 * 3) Present 5 interesting facts you have learned about your subject from your research. Include dates and/or which kingdom (old, middle, new).
 * 4) Identify at least one of the [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="file/view/Six Characteristics of Civilization.pdf"]] Six Characteristics of Civilization.pdf that is evident in your topic and explain how your topic relates to the characteristic.
 * 5) How does your topic relate to our society today?
 * 6) Include appropriate images/video to make your presentation **clear**, **interesting** , **original** , and ** creative **.
 * 7) Conclude your presentation by restating the significance (importance) of your topic to history.
 * 8) Use your own voice for the audio part of your presentation.
 * 9) You (and your partner) must appear in the video for at least 30 seconds as you present your information.
 * 10) Use at least four different sources. At least one of your sources must be from the KIS Library Resources
 * 11) Cite any images/videos that you use at the end.
 * 12) Cite your sources at the end.

__**Helpful Hints**__
 * Follow the steps above in order. Your research will be first (1-7 above), then you will start working on the iMovie.
 * You will be asked to show your progress on this project in every class before the due date. **Your progress will be graded.**
 * Originality and creativity will be rewarded with a higher grade. For example, if you draw some of your images you will get a more points than someone who just copies images from the Internet.

=__Assignment 8__=
 * Part 1:** Riverboat Tour Part 1
 * Part 2:** Riverboat Tour Part 2

=__Assignment 7__= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * Part 1
 * **Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)**
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Part 1 Revised Paragraph: Pharaohs were considered as gods during this period, and huge, grand pyramids, huge, stone tombs with four triangle shaped sides that met at the top, were built for them during this time. The biggest pyramid known is the Great Pyramid of Giza. This 481 ft. high pyramid took thousands of workers and more than 2 million limestone blocks used for this pyramid. For the 3 pyramids at Giza, tens of thousands of workers worked for decades to make those 3 huge monuments to their pharaohs. The ancient Egyptians didn't start building the smooth-sided pyramids until around 2700 BCE. The pyramids before were like stairs. Then around 2700 BCE, the builders started filling these steps with limestone to make it smooth. The reason why the ancient Egyptians built these spectacular monuments were because the ancient Egyptians believed that burial places, especially royal tombs, were of the utmost importance. This was because since the pharaoh was the link to the gods, if the pharaoh was happy with his/her afterlife, that insures the workers a happy afterlife also. The government paid the peasants who worked on the pyramids not with money, but practical things like grain. The Old Kingdom was the only period where pyramids were built was because, pyramids are huge and easy to see and rob. Later, the Egyptians started building hidden tombs to prevent the tombs from being robbed.

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

Part 2 Revised Paragraph: The Middle Kingdom was Egypt's time of stability and order. Building and maintaining pyramids cost lots of money and pharaoh couldn't raise enough taxes to build more. Because of this, pharaohs had to be buried in hidden tombs all over the country during the Middle Kingdom. Pharaohs started losing power and ambitious nobles started taking that power away using it to rule Egypt. For the next 160 years, nobles ruled much of Egypt and Egypt had no central ruler, and the Old Kingdom fell. Around 2050 BCE, a powerful ruler took control of Egypt and the Middle Kingdom was born. Around 1750 BCE, a group from southwest Asia called the Hyksos invaded Egypt. The Hyskos used advanced technology to conquer Lower Egypt. The Egyptians eventually fought back and in the mid-1500s BC, Ahmose of Thebes declared himself king. He then drove the Hyksos out of Egypt. Ahmose ruled all of Egypt. Afterwards. Before and after the Middle Kingdom, Egypt was in chaos. 

__**Part 3**__ Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * The New Kingdom (1570 BCE - 1070 BCE) **
 * Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 102-103 in our textbook.
 * what new territories were conquered
 * names of pharaoh's involved in expansion
 * wars or battles and who was involved
 * trading (who and what)

Part 3 Paragraph: The New Kingdom (1500 BCE-1000 BCE): The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings.

Part 3 Revised Paragraph: The new kingdom left us some of the greatest treasure of the ancient world. There were many great pharaohs: King Tut, Ramesses II, and Nefertiti. The Egyptians also became very rich during this time. Great temples, tombs, and monuments were built during this time. The New Kingdom was Egypt's golden empire. An explosion of wealth, creativity, and much more happened during the New Kingdom. Before the New Kindgom, Egypt was divided again with the Hyksos occupying the northern sector. The south was occupied by the Nubians, threatening the Egyptians of extinction. These invaders controlled parts of Egypt for 150 years. The capital, Thebes, was going through hard times. The rest of Egypt laid in the hands of the royal family. The Egyptians hated foreigners and hated being controlled by foreigners. The pharaoh at the time said that he aimed at liberating Egypt and crushing the Asiatics. After the Egyptians liberated Egypt, they feared future invasions so they closed off all invasion routes. They went up to the river Euphrates and down to southern Nubia. They also expanded west to the Western Desert, and east to the Eastern Desert. These conquests made Egypt rich. The conquered territories that Egypt controlled had to make annual payments to Egypt. Since Egypt was bigger, more trade routes were made, and trade flourished. The conquered lands had valuable resources to trade with and Hatshepsut (a female pharaoh) worked to increase trade. Even with great power, the Hittites from Asia Minor tried to invade Egypt, and the pharaoh, Ramesses II, fought bravely against the Hittites. To the west, a people known as the Tehenu invaded the Nile Delta. The Egyptians pushed them back and fortified the Nile Delta, which was a good move because the Tehenus invaded again a century later. After Ramesses died, a people known as the Sea People invaded Egypt. They were a powerful people, who had crushed the Hittites and destroyed cities in SW Asia. The Egyptians pushed them back after 50 years of fighting. Egypt survived, but its empire in Asia was gone. Soon, the New Kingdom fell. Egypt fell into a period of violence and disorder. Egypt would never regain that power again.

=__Assignment 6__= Thomas' Comic: Due Dates: A Block- Wednesday January 20 D Block- Wednesday January 20 G Block- Tuesday January 19 (Note: At the beginning of class on the due date, we will convert your comic to a PDF and upload it to your wiki page.)
 * Directions: Use your notes, wiki assignments, and the Egyptian Underworld video to create a comic showing the mummification process and the Egyptian underworld using ComicLife. Your comic must show the following:**
 * the process of mummifying a pharaoh
 * the tomb of the pharaoh and the entry into the underworld
 * at least three obstacles the spirit has to go through in the underworld
 * the various demons or dangers of the underworld
 * spells/passwords/magic words that you create to help the spirit through the underworld
 * must be colorful and detailed
 * a title and your name
 * length: two to four pages which includes a bibliography page for images or information you use
 * additional information we didn't learn from **one** of the following sources:
 * [|http://wsu.edu/~dee/EGYPT/UNDER.HTM]
 * []

=__Assignment 5__= 1. Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? They wanted it to preserve it so the soul could recognize it after death. 2. How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? They preserved the bodies through mummification. They dried up the body and wrapped the dried body in linen. 3. Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? The Egyptians put a hook up the left nostril and mashed the brain into pieces and took it out. The brain was removed because the Egyptians thought the brain was unimportant. 4. Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? The four organs were: the intestines, the stomach, the liver, and the lungs. The organs were put in canopic jars. 5. What did they do with the heart? Why? They kept it in the body because the Egyptians thought of the heart as we do with the brain. 6. What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. Natron was a salt that absorbed moisture. Natron was used to dry out the body. Natron came from **Wadi El Natrun.** 7.How was [|linen] used during mummification? Linen was used to plump up the body and wrap the body. 8. What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. Amulets were small objects worn to ward off evil, illness, etc. The Djed Pillar was a symbol of stability and the god Osiris. The Udjat was an amulet of good health, and was shaped in the shape of Horus's eye. 9. What happens to the body after it is mummified? The mask was put on the mummy and mummy was placed in a mummy case. Then the mummy case was placed in a sarcophagus.
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.

=__Assignment 4__=
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

I would like to be the god Amun. I would like to be Amun because at the height of Egyptian civilization, he was called "The King of the Gods." Also, since he can combine with Ra, the Sun God, he can become stronger and more powerful. I would not like to be Seth, the god of Chaos. He murdered his brother and fought his nephew to become the ruler of the living. I don't like causing trouble and that is what Seth does.

I think Ishtar (M) and Hathor (E) are similar because because they are both the goddess of love. Also Ishtar (M) and Sekhmet (E) are similar because they are both GODDESSES of WAR. Nabu (M) and Thoth (E) were both the gods of writing. Osiris (E) and Nergal (M) were the gods of the Underworld.

=__Assignment 3__= Directions: After playing __**five**__ classmates' games, go to the discussion tab of each classmate and __**respectfully**__ give them your opinion about their game. You must comment on the person above you and below you in the list and three other classmates. You __**MUST**__ write about the following: 1. Give your opinion about their game (good questions?, clear questions?, mix of difficulty?) 2. Mistakes you found in the game (grammar/information/confusing information) 3. Suggestions to improve the game (more easy or hard questions, better grammar, clearer questions) media type="custom" key="4994809" width="120" height="120"

=__Assignment 2__=
 * Source: Read pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? I would feel under appreciated. I would do all that work just for the pharaoh to have a comfortable after-life while I wither away to nothing and don't get payed back. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? The Third Dynasty was the beginning of the Old Kingdom. It started about 2700-220 BCE. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. The ancient Egyptians thought that their country belonged to the gods. They believed that their pharaoh was sent from the gods to watch over Earth for the rest of the gods. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? They were supposed to make trade profitable and prevent wars. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? He is best known for the monuments built to him. The Great Pyramid of Khufu was his final resting place. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) On the top was the pharaoh. Right below him was the upper classes. This group included priests and important government officials. Below that was the middle class. This group included lesser government officials, scribes, and a few rich craftspeople. Below THAT was the lower class. This group included farmers, servants, and slaves. 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? One advantage would be that not a lot of people will have lots of power in the government. If many people had lots of power in the government, then the pharaoh would have a bigger chance to be dethroned. Another advantage would be that more people could work on your projects and get the project done quicker. One disadvantage would be that scribes would be really busy. With so many scribes, the scribes cannot record everything in the kingdom. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? Farmers worked on the pharaoh's building projects. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). Traders traveled to Nubia to get gold, copper, ivory, slaves, and stone for building. Trading with Syria provided Egypt with wood for building and for fire. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. acquire: to come into possession or ownership of I acquired that new book. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? I think Viziers would be placed in the nobles class. This is because viziers give the pharaoh advice and help the pharaoh, which helps run the country. So viziers would fall under important government officials.

= = =__**Assignment 1**__=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**
 * **Use this check list to help you>[[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Egypt+Map+Checklist.pdf"]] [|Egypt Map Checklist.pdf]**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract. √

2. Label the Red Sea. √

3. Represent and mark three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.** √

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.** √

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.** √

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. √

= =

=__Mesopotamia__=

=__Assignment 13__= Now that we are finished with the Mesopotamia unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Mesopotamia. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... how all those empires fought and ruled, at different time periods, just for the Fertile Crescent. All those empires: the Assyrians, the Chaldeans, the Akkadian, the Babylonian, the Hittites and much more, just for some good land to grow crops.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... nothing. Since Mr. Tabbara explained everything understandably, so I had nothing that confused me.

3. What surprised me the most was... when we played computer games in Social Studies class: Dotville. It helped us understand how hard it was to make civilization and it was very fun.

4. I would like to know more about... all the empires that existed there at one point of time or another. These empires are very interesting because they shed lots of blood just to get farmland.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... the Trader's Circuit game and Dotville. The Trader's Circuit game made me feel like I was really in an ancient Sumerian marketplace. I will also remember Dotville because we got play it at lunch and not get busted by any teacher.

=__Assignment 12__= =**Characteristics of Civilization**= =**Empire Name: Assyrian Empire**= Was it difficult to find evidence for the empire you picked? Why or why not?
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Carefully read pages 76-77 and choose one of the empires below. Research the empire you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the empire you chose. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page, then **answer the question** below the chart. You will also have to indicate on your Scribble Map where the civilization you chose came from.
 * ==**Six Characteristics of Civilization**== || ==**Evidence for Characteristic**== || ==**Explanation**== ||
 * Government || There was an army. || They used the army to create an empire, and steal food, money, clothes, and people gave the army stuff that they wanted so that the people can live. ||
 * Regular Food Supply || The Assyrians farmed. || The Assyrians took over basically the Fertile Crescent, and the army stole food, clothes, and more. ||
 * Specialization of Labor || There were farmers, king, trader, and soldiers. || Infantry were foot soldiers, cavalry were soldiers on horseback, and kings were the ruler of a territory. ||
 * Different Social Levels || There were kings, farmers, soldiers, and slaves. || Kings had the highest privileges and slaves had the least amount of privileges. ||
 * Highly Developed Culture || They had art, music, and more. || They made sculptures (art) of winged bulls or lions with human heads. ||
 * Religious System || Their system is similar to the Babylonian's religious system. || They preferred Ashur then to the Babylonian Marduk. ||

=**Assyrians**= []

[]

=**Hittites**= [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

=**Chaldeans**= []

[|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM]

=__Assignment 11__= Go to this [|site] and read about the different Mesopotamian gods, goddesses, demons, and monsters. Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god, goddess, demon, or monster. Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.

I would like to be Anu. Anu rules the heavens, and is the supreme ruler of the sky. I would like to be him because he is the supreme ruler of the sky, and I can unleash the Bull of Heaven on anyone I don't like.

I would NOT want to be Lamashtu. She eats unborn and newborn babies, and is very ugly. I don't want to kill babies, and be hunted down by Pazuzu (the demon who fought against Lamashtu).

= =

=__Assignment 10__=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? I would tell the king that common people and nobles should be punished equally. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? Ur was destroyed by foreign enemy forces. 3. Where was Babylon located? It is located on the Euphrates River and near present-day Baghdad, Iraq. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? Hammurabi became the king of Babylon in 1792 BCE. 5. What is a monarch? A monarch is the ruler of a kingdom or empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? He called it the Babylonian Empire. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? He had a skill of making thorough laws. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? They were a set of 282 laws which covered almost every part of daily life. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. One reason was that some of the ideas in the laws are still used in laws today. The other reason is that they were written for everyone to see. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? It collapsed when Hammurabi died. It's similar to the Akkadian Empire because once the main ruler died, the empire fell apart. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.

3. If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death.

I think that that law is cruel. If a person accused someone, and was right. The accused could make up a story so they can live. The innocent accuser will be killed instead of the guilty person.

15. If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates, he shall be put to death. I think that law is a good and cruel law. Let's say that a master was treating his slaves well, if a crueler master stole him, then the bad master will be killed because he stole a slave. It can also be a cruel law. Let's say again that a master wasn't treating his slave well. If a nice master stole him, then the nice master will be killed and the bad master will be 70% sure to kill the slave.

22. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death.

I think this law is a good one. I agree that if anyone commits a robbery and is caught, he should be punished. Also, I think this is also a little cruel. If a poor person was committing the robbery to let his family survive another day, he will be killed even though he is trying to save his family.

=__Assignment 9__= After playing the Trader's game, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's game. You can make comments to your classmates about if you agree or disagree with their point of viewor comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? I liked the part were we actually trade. It makes me feel like I'm actually in a Sumerian marketplace. 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? I felt like that I traded cards too easily. Since I traded willy-nilly, so many people got monopoly. 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? It was hard to get monopoly. Whenever I get close to getting monopoly, someone else got monopoly. 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? I think the advantage is that I can sell an entire product for higher prices and get more money. 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? I would change nothing because the game is OK with the way it is. The game reminds me of life, life is unfair, and we have to accept that. 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why? I think it would have been better to cooperate with another player because if you cooperate, you can get a monopoly twice a fast, just so long that your partner doesn't betray you.

=__Assignment 8__= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.


 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live? A: The Akkadians lived north of Sumer.
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.? A: They lived peacefully with each other.
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do? A: He is the emperor of the Akkadian Empire, and he took over the Akkadian's land and made it as part of his empire.
 * 4) What did Sargon establish? A: He established an empire.
 * 5) Define 'empire'. A: An empire is land with different territories and people under a single ruler.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader. A: He ate with his soldiers, and he kept the world's first empire safe for more than 50 years.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire? A: He ruled for more than 50 years.
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire? A: It collapsed because of invaders from the east, and fell into chaos for a century.
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again? A: Sumer eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia.
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city? A: I see a well constructed city with a complex irrigation system, a port, and HUGE walls.

= = =__Assignment 7__= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic.

The U.S. is a civilization. 1. It has a president. 2. People go to the supermarket to get food. 3. There are government workers, farmers, janitors, and lots of other jobs. 4. There is the president, FBI agents, middle class people, and people who aren't as fortunate as us. 5. The U.S. has Andy Warhol for art, Frank Lloyd Wright for architecture, Kenny G for music, Agatha Christie for literature, Thomas Edison for science, and cursive for writing. 6. The U.S. has churches, temples, shrines, and a lot more for religion.  2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not?

I think that a civilization needs to have all the characteristics mentioned. I think that because I can't think of a civilization without one characteristic missing. The British for example, they have all the characteristics. Also the Mayans, Incas, Aztecs, Indians, Native Americans, and every other civilization I know has all 6 characteristics.

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=__**Assignment 6**__= Please summarize the section you are responsible for. You will present your section with your partner. Here is the PDF of all the sections: [|SumerianAchievementsSections.pdf]

=__Assignment 5__= Using your sheet from class about Sumerian achievements, which achievements would go under each of these categories? (For example, devotional statues would be under the religion category.) City State/King Organized Armies Written Laws Arch Cuneiform/Writing Games Music Devotional Statues Ziggurat Irrigation Mathematics Medicine Metalworking Plow Sailboat Wheel
 * Government
 * Culture
 * Religion
 * Jobs

=__Assignment 4__= Go to this site ([|Sumerian Inventions]) and look at the //**Early Inventions**// section. Choose __**three**__ Sumerian inventions that you think are important for us today. In your own words, explain clearly and with details why these __**three**__ Sumerian inventions are important for us __**today**__. I think the wheel, the sailboat, and the first written language are important to us. The wheel is important because we can move almost anything on a wheel. If the Sumerians didn't invent the wheel, then we would be dragging everything on sled-like transporters called //sledges.// The sailboat is important because then humans couldn't have migrated all over the world. The sailboat allowed great explorers such as Columbus, and Magellan to go and discover the places that they discovered. Last is the written language. If the written language wasn't invented, then the modern world would be in shambles. It would be in shambles because people wouldn't understand each other, and archeologists wouldn't how ancient people lived. = = = = =__Assignment 3__= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page.** **Use the handouts from class called** **//Event C://** //**Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**// **&** //**Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**// **to help you answer the questions.**
 * Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? They filled buckets with water and carried the buckets to their villages. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? They put huge stones into the ditches. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? Levees helped to block floods and stopped people having to keep replanting crops because of floods. Canals transferred the water to the crops without making farmers having to carry lots of buckets back and forth from the river. Dams helped by stopping floods from reaching the crops. Reservoirs stored water at various points along the river. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? The word is //surplus.// 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? All the other canals behind it would be affected because if that canal was clogged, then the water can't flow to reach the other canals behind it. Also, since the canals behind it will have not a lot of water, the crops behind the clog will not get enough water and die. If the crops die, then the people who relied on those crops will starve. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? The villages cooperated and worked together to take care of the complex irrigation system.
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? They cooperated together. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? They were connected by the irrigation canal. 3. What did many villages grow into? They grew into towns and cities. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? The region is Sumer. The people are called Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? By clogging the irrigation canal. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? There were no natural barriers to protect people. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? They built a stone wall around their city.
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

=__Assignment 2__= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page.** **Use the handouts from class called** **//Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply//** **to help you answer the questions.**
 * Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river plains? There was either floods or droughts. 2. How did they solve these problems? They made pathways to the farm, and during floods, they built stone walls to block the floods. 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? It came from the Zagros Mountains.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

=__Assignment 1__= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the handout from class called //Event A: Food Shortage to// help you answer the questions.** 1. What helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia? Increased food supply, sturdier shelters, and improved technology helped the human population grow in Mesopotamia. 2. What does cultivate mean? Cultivated means grow. Cultivated is used in the sense of farming. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? There was too little land to farm food for the increasing population, so there was a food shortage. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of your handout, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? My group chose B. We chose B because you don't have to live right by the river. You can dig irrigation ditches to transfer the water to you and your crops.
 * Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?
 * Food Shortage**

= __Early Humans__ =

= =

=__Assignment 9__= Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was about the specific differences between the four main types of hominids. For example, Australopithecus had a brain only one/third the size of a modern human brain. Homo Habilis had a brain only half the size of a of a modern human. Homo Erectus had almost the same sized brain of a modern human. Only Homo Erectus and Homo Sapiens (us) had or have language.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was nothing. I understood everything because if I had a question, Mr. Tabbara would explain it clearly and answer my question. Since Mr. Tabbara answered all the questions I had, I understood everything.

3. What surprised me the most was the brain size of Australopithecus. Before middle school, I knew that the brain size of Australopithecus was small but not that small.

4. I would like to know more about hominids. The history of humans is very interesting. Over Chuseok Break, I heard that archeologists discovered the remains of a hominid even older than the famous "Lucy" skeleton. I wonder if that hominid is Australopithecus, or is it a whole new type of hominid.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was about the Origin Story Puppet Shows. Making the Puppet shows was fun and challenging at the same time. Also, it was fun to learn about how the ancient Chinese people thought about how humans were created. = = = = = = = = =__Assignment 8__= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? One thing that surprised me was that even though people farmed, people still hunted. Another thing was that bartering is like paying money. Last was that no one broke the law before. 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? One thing was that people farmed. Another thing was that the style of shelter changed. Last was that the population grew. 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __**Explain**__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) She lived in a 1-story, mud house, while I live in a cement, 9-story apartment building. For fun, she played outside with her friends, and I play with my brother inside my house. I read books to learn while she just listened to her mother and other people to learn, and she couldn't read.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

= = = = = = = = =__Assignment 7__= Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? The main difference was that people stayed in one place and farmed. 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? People didn't need to go out for 10-15 hours to hunt and go 10 miles to gather. They just stayed at home and farmed. 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture? An advantage was that people didn't starve during winter. A disadvantage was that they have to rely so much on the weather.

=__Assignment 6__= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the //Beginnings of Agriculture// section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). This discovery would change my life by realizing that I won't have to starve in winter anymore. Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? The Neolithic Era is another name for the New Stone Age. 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? They made stone saws and drills. They used them to cut, hack, kill, basically to hunt. 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? The hominid would be Homo Sapiens. 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? It's called a revolution because it was a huge, big, ginormous change to human society at the time. 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? It is the process of changing plants and animals to be more helpful to humans. 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? Sheep, cattle, and goat were domesticated in Asia. 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? Corn was first domesticated in North America. 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different. I don't have to chase an animal for the whole day. To gather, I don't have to go so far away from home. In winter, I would eat the food I saved instead of going outside in the cold and go hunting.

=Assignment 5 Hominid Comic Directions=

Using your notes and our textbook, choose a hominid (except Homo Sapiens) and draw a comic that shows information about the hominid.

Step 1: Use an A4 sheet to draw or use Comic Life (you must use original pictures, not pictures from the Internet) Step 2: Your comic should show the following information about the hominid: Step 3: Color the comic with at least five different colors. Step 4: Make sure your comic has a title __Grading__ You will be graded on neatness, accuracy of information, and creativity.
 * A picture of the hominid
 * Language
 * Time Period and Location
 * Tools
 * Food
 * Other information

= = =**__Assignment 4__**= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? They were found in Africa. 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? The scientific name is Australopithecus. 3. How long ago did Lucy live? She lived more than 3 million years ago. 4. What was an important step in human development? An important step was starting to walk on two feet. 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Australopithecus started to walk on two legs compared to other monkeys and apes. Homo Habilis started to make and use early stone tools for chopping and scraping. Homo Erectus learned to control fire and migrated out to Europe and Asia. Homo Sapiens are modern humans and developed language, and learned to create fire. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.**
 * Australopithecus
 * Homo habilis
 * Homo erectus
 * Homo sapiens

6. Which hominid is us now? We are Homo Sapiens.

= = = = = =

=__Assignment 3__ Please answer the following questions on your wiki page.= 1. What is your role in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? My role being the stage manager. 2. How will you make sure you perform your role well during this project? I will lead with rehearsing the show and making sure that the group memorizes their lines and puppet movement. 3. How will you deal with problems (if they happen) in your group? I will deal with them calmly and peacefully.

=**Assignment 2**= =__Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class.__= 1. How long was it since modern humans arrived that humans invented the burin? 2. What year were the pyramids built? 3. What millennium were the first castles of Europe built? 4. What century are we living in right now? 5. What does C.E. stand for?

Answers: 1. It was 55,000 years later. 2. They were built in 2,530 B.C.E. 3. They started building it during the second millennium. 4. We are living in the 21st century. 5. C.E. stands for common era.

=**__Assignment <span class="currency_converter_link">1 __**= Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? I was born in a CE year. 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 The order is: 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, CE 1215, AD 2000 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? It would mean that I was reading about an event which happened at about 1000 years after Jesus was born.